依

依 U+4F9D, 依
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9D
← 侜
[U+4F9C] 		CJK Unified IdeographsCategory:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000020381 侞 →
[U+4F9E]
Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

Han character

依Category:Translingual lemmas#人06依Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人06依Category:Translingual symbols#人06依Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#人06依Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#人06依Category:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 人卜竹女 (OYHV), four-corner 20232, composition ⿰亻衣)Category:Han script characters#人06依

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 607
  • Dae Jaweon: page 217, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 152, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4F9D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 依
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
j18935
j18936
j18937
b12302
s05761
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30337
L02012
L02013
L02014
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯl)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#人06: semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 依

Probably cognate with 倚 (OC *qralʔ, *qrals) (Wang, 1982). Perhaps 因 (OC *qin) is an allofam (Pulleyblank, 1991), though the vowels do not agree (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於希切
Baxter 'j+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔɨi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔɨi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔɨj/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiəi/
Wang
Li		 /ĭəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /ʔe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ji1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjɨj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔəj/
English lean upon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
No. 14836
Phonetic
component		 衣
Rime
group		 微
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 依
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯl/
Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Mandarin lemmas#人06Category:Sichuanese lemmas#人06Category:Cantonese lemmas#人06Category:Gan lemmas#人06Category:Hakka lemmas#人06Category:Eastern Min lemmas#人06Category:Hokkien lemmas#人06Category:Teochew lemmas#人06Category:Puxian Min lemmas#人06Category:Wu lemmas#人06Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Old Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Mandarin hanzi#人06Category:Sichuanese hanzi#人06Category:Cantonese hanzi#人06Category:Gan hanzi#人06Category:Hakka hanzi#人06Category:Eastern Min hanzi#人06Category:Hokkien hanzi#人06Category:Teochew hanzi#人06Category:Puxian Min hanzi#人06Category:Wu hanzi#人06Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Old Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Chinese verbs#人06Category:Mandarin verbs#人06Category:Sichuanese verbs#人06Category:Cantonese verbs#人06Category:Gan verbs#人06Category:Hakka verbs#人06Category:Eastern Min verbs#人06Category:Hokkien verbs#人06Category:Teochew verbs#人06Category:Puxian Min verbs#人06Category:Wu verbs#人06Category:Middle Chinese verbs#人06Category:Old Chinese verbs#人06Category:Chinese prepositions#人06Category:Mandarin prepositions#人06Category:Sichuanese prepositions#人06Category:Cantonese prepositions#人06Category:Gan prepositions#人06Category:Hakka prepositions#人06Category:Eastern Min prepositions#人06Category:Hokkien prepositions#人06Category:Teochew prepositions#人06Category:Puxian Min prepositions#人06Category:Wu prepositions#人06Category:Middle Chinese prepositions#人06Category:Old Chinese prepositions#人06Category:Chinese proper nouns#人06Category:Mandarin proper nouns#人06Category:Sichuanese proper nouns#人06Category:Cantonese proper nouns#人06Category:Gan proper nouns#人06Category:Hakka proper nouns#人06Category:Eastern Min proper nouns#人06Category:Hokkien proper nouns#人06Category:Teochew proper nouns#人06Category:Puxian Min proper nouns#人06Category:Wu proper nouns#人06Category:Middle Chinese proper nouns#人06Category:Old Chinese proper nouns#人06Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人06Category:Chinese terms spelled with 依#人06

Definitions

依Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人06Category:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

  1. to lean on
  2. to rely on; to depend on
  3. to obey; to comply with; to agree to
  4. according to; in accordance with; in light of; in a manner conforming to; in compliance with
  5. used in 依稀 (yīxī)
  6. a surname, YiCategory:Chinese surnames#人06
Synonyms
  • (to rely on):
  • (according to):

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 依
alternative forms 𠵱
伊
咿

Dialectal variant of 呢 (ni1).

Pronunciation

Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Cantonese lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Cantonese hanzi#人06Category:Chinese pronouns#人06Category:Cantonese pronouns#人06Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人06Category:Chinese terms spelled with 依#人06

Definitions

依Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人06Category:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

  1. (CantoneseCategory:Cantonese Chinese#人06) this; these
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
 依
alternative forms 阿

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 阿?”)Category:Requests for etymologies in Chinese entries#人06

Pronunciation

Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Eastern Min lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Eastern Min hanzi#人06Category:Chinese prefixes#人06Category:Eastern Min prefixes#人06Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#人06Category:Chinese terms spelled with 依#人06

Definitions

依Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人06Category:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

  1. (Eastern MinCategory:Eastern Min Chinese#人06) Used in front of persons' given names or kinship terms to express familiarity.

Compounds

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 依Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#依 – see 𪘲 (“to grin, to smile”).
(This character is a variant form of 𪘲).
Category:Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Mandarin lemmas#人06Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#人06Category:Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Mandarin hanzi#人06Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#人06Category:Chinese terms spelled with 依#人06Category:Chinese variant forms#人06Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人06Category:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

References

Category:Advanced Mandarin#人06

Japanese

Kanji

依

(Jōyō kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#人06Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人06Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#人06
  1. to be due to, to be caused by
  2. to rely on, to depend on
  3. to be based on, to have as a basis
  4. to be based in, to based at, to operate out of

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
依
い
Grade: S
kan'on
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 依 read as い#いCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#いCategory:Japanese terms read with kan'on#い

From Middle ChineseCategory:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#いCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#い 依 (MC 'j+j).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent#い

Affix

依(い) • (iCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#依) Category:Japanese lemmas#いCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#いCategory:Japanese affixes#いCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#いCategory:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#いCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#いCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 依#いCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#いCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#いCategory:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

  1. rely on; depend on
  2. according to
  3. as before
    依(い)然(ぜん) ― izen ― same as before, stillCategory:Japanese terms with usage examples#い
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
依
え
Grade: S
goon
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 依 read as え#えCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#えCategory:Japanese terms read with goon#え

From Middle ChineseCategory:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#えCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#え 依 (MC 'j+j).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent#い

Affix

依(え) • (eCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#依) Category:Japanese lemmas#えCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#えCategory:Japanese affixes#えCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#えCategory:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#えCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#えCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 依#えCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#えCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#えCategory:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

  1. rely on; depend on

Korean

Hanja

依 (eum 의 (ui)Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Korean links with redundant alt parameters#依)Category:Korean lemmas#의Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#의Category:Korean hanja#의Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#의Category:Pages with entries#依Category:Pages with 5 entries#依

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Korean entries#人06Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人06

Vietnamese

Han character

依: Hán Nôm readings: yCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#依, eCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#依, ỷCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#依, ỉaCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#依Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#依Category:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings#人06 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries#人06Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant sortkeys#人06

References

Category:Advanced Mandarin Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block Category:Cantonese Chinese Category:Cantonese hanzi Category:Cantonese lemmas Category:Cantonese prepositions Category:Cantonese pronouns Category:Cantonese proper nouns Category:Cantonese verbs Category:Chinese hanzi Category:Chinese lemmas Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Chinese prefixes Category:Chinese prepositions Category:Chinese pronouns Category:Chinese proper nouns Category:Chinese surnames Category:Chinese terms spelled with 依 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes Category:Chinese variant forms Category:Chinese verbs Category:Eastern Min Chinese Category:Eastern Min hanzi Category:Eastern Min lemmas Category:Eastern Min prefixes Category:Eastern Min prepositions Category:Eastern Min proper nouns Category:Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation Category:Eastern Min verbs Category:Gan hanzi Category:Gan lemmas Category:Gan prepositions Category:Gan proper nouns Category:Gan verbs Category:Hakka hanzi Category:Hakka lemmas Category:Hakka prepositions Category:Hakka proper nouns Category:Hakka verbs Category:Han phono-semantic compounds Category:Han script characters Category:Hokkien hanzi Category:Hokkien lemmas Category:Hokkien prepositions Category:Hokkien proper nouns Category:Hokkien verbs Category:Japanese affixes Category:Japanese jōyō kanji Category:Japanese kanji Category:Japanese kanji with goon reading え Category:Japanese kanji with kan'on reading い Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading よ・る Category:Japanese lemmas Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Japanese single-kanji terms Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms read with goon Category:Japanese terms read with kan'on Category:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji Category:Japanese terms spelled with 依 Category:Japanese terms spelled with 依 read as い Category:Japanese terms spelled with 依 read as え Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations Category:Japanese terms with usage examples Category:Korean hanja Category:Korean lemmas Category:Korean links with redundant alt parameters Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Mandarin hanzi Category:Mandarin lemmas Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters Category:Mandarin prepositions Category:Mandarin proper nouns Category:Mandarin verbs Category:Middle Chinese hanzi Category:Middle Chinese lemmas Category:Middle Chinese prepositions Category:Middle Chinese proper nouns Category:Middle Chinese verbs Category:Old Chinese hanzi Category:Old Chinese lemmas Category:Old Chinese prepositions Category:Old Chinese proper nouns Category:Old Chinese verbs Category:Pages with 5 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Puxian Min hanzi Category:Puxian Min lemmas Category:Puxian Min prepositions Category:Puxian Min proper nouns Category:Puxian Min verbs Category:Requests for definitions in Korean entries Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries Category:Requests for etymologies in Chinese entries Category:Sichuanese hanzi Category:Sichuanese lemmas Category:Sichuanese prepositions Category:Sichuanese proper nouns Category:Sichuanese verbs Category:Teochew hanzi Category:Teochew lemmas Category:Teochew prepositions Category:Teochew proper nouns Category:Teochew verbs Category:Translingual lemmas Category:Translingual symbols Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes Category:Vietnamese Han characters Category:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant sortkeys Category:Wu hanzi Category:Wu lemmas Category:Wu prepositions Category:Wu proper nouns Category:Wu verbs