Wikimore

宙	U+5B99, 宙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B99

Translingual

Han character

宙Category:Translingual lemmas#宀05宙 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#宀05宙 Category:Translingual symbols#宀05宙 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#宀05宙 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#宀05宙 Category:Pages with entries#宙 Category:Pages with 5 entries#宙 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 十中田 (JLW), four-corner 3060₂, composition ⿱宀由)Category:Han script characters#宀05宙

Derived characters

𲅣, 𱣯, 𥇻, 𦁖, 𫈛, 𡧹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 283, character 17

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7108

Dae Jaweon: page 559, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 921, character 2

Unihan data for U+5B99

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袖	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	ljɯwɢs, lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	l̥ʰɯw, l'ɯwɢ
紬	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	l'ɯw, ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油	lɯw, lɯwɢs
由	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚	lɯwɢs, l'ɯwɢ
鼬	*lɯwɢs
苖	l'ɯːwɢ, l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸	*l'ɯwɢ
舳	*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯwɢs)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#宀05: semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#宙. It originally represented the farthest place accessible by boat or vehicle and, by extension, came to express the idea of spatial expansion or vastness.^[1]

References

↑ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 軸／轴 (zhóu, “axle”)?”

Category:Requests for etymologies in Chinese entries#宀05

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhòu (zhou⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#宙)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiu
Eastern Min (BUC): dêu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diu⁴ / diu⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiū / tiǔ
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zeu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
  - Wade–Giles: chou⁴
  - Yale: jòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zau⁶
  - Yale: jauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiu
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛu²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: diu⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diu̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu⁴²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: diu⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: diū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: diu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiū
  - Tâi-lô: tiū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diu
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiu³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiu²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǔ
  - Tâi-lô: tiǔ
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zeu
  - MiniDict: zeu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zeu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zɤ²³/

Middle Chinese: drjuwH

Rime
Character	宙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直祐切
Baxter	drjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuw^H/
Li Rong	/ȡiu^H/
Wang Li	/ȡĭəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯwɢs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宙
Reading #	1/1
No.	15519
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	胄
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯwɢs/

Definitions

宙Category:Chinese lemmas#宀05 Category:Chinese hanzi#宀05 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#宀05 Category:Pages with entries#宙 Category:Pages with 5 entries#宙

(obsolete Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#宀05) (of a house) ridgepole and beams
- 而燕雀佼之，以為不能與之爭於宇宙之間。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  而燕雀佼之，以为不能与之争于宇宙之间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE
  Ér yànquè jiǎo zhī, yǐwèi bùnéng yǔ zhī zhēng yú yǔzhòu zhījiān. [Pinyin]
  So the swallows and sparrows mocked them (the fenghuang), saying that they were incapable of matching them in squabbling among the eaves and roof, ridgepole, and beams.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#宀05, except in 宇宙) infinite time
- 有實而無乎處，有長而無乎本剽，有所出而無竅者有實。有實而無乎處者，宇也；有長而無本剽者，宙也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  有实而无乎处，有长而无乎本剽，有所出而无窍者有实。有实而无乎处者，宇也；有长而无本剽者，宙也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǒu shí ér wú hū chù, yǒu cháng ér wú hū běnpiāo, yǒu suǒchū ér wú qiào zhě yǒu shí. Yǒu shí ér wú hū chù zhě, yǔ yě; yǒu cháng ér wú běn piāo zhě, zhòu yě. [Pinyin]
  He has a real existence, but it has nothing to do with place; he has continuance, but it has nothing to do with beginning or end. He has a real existence, but it has nothing to do with place, such is his relation to space; he has continuance, but it has nothing to do with beginning or end, such is his relation to time.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 宇宙在乎手。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: 《黃帝陰符經Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#宙 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#宙》(The Yellow Thearch's Classic of the Hidden Talisman), circa 8th century CE, translated based on James Legge's version.
  Yǔzhòu zài hū shǒu. [Pinyin]
  All space and time are at his disposal.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#宀05) heaven, sky
- 霜凝碧宙，水瑩丹霄。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  霜凝碧宙，水莹丹霄。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: 7th century CE, Wang Bo,《七夕賦Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#宙》 (Rhapsody on the Seventh Month's Seventh Night).
  Shuāng níng bì zhòu, shuǐ yíng dān xiāo. [Pinyin]
  Dew forms in the cerulean sky; water-droplets glisten in the scarlet welkin.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(Mainland China Category:Mainland China Chinese#宀05, geology Category:zh:Geology#宀05) eon (geochronologic unit)

Synonyms

(eon): (Taiwan) 元 (yuán)

Compounds

孔宙碑
宇宙 (yǔzhòu)
宇宙塵 / 宇宙尘 (yǔzhòuchén)
宇宙射線 / 宇宙射线 (yǔzhòu shèxiàn)
宇宙年
宇宙火箭 (yǔzhòu huǒjiàn)
宇宙站
宇宙線 / 宇宙线 (yǔzhòuxiàn)
宇宙觀 / 宇宙观 (yǔzhòuguān)
宇宙速度 (yǔzhòu sùdù)
宇宙鋒 / 宇宙锋
宇宙飛船 / 宇宙飞船 (yǔzhòu fēichuán)
宙斯 (Zhòusī)
島宇宙 / 岛宇宙
漢孔宙碑 / 汉孔宙碑
膨脹宇宙 / 膨胀宇宙

References

“宙”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#宙 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#宙 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#宙 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 312.

Japanese

Kanji

宙

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#宀05 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#宀05 Category:Japanese sixth grade kanji#宀05 Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji#宀05 Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#宀05

mid-air

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
宙
ちゅう Grade: 6
kan'on

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 宙 read as ちゅう#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms read with kan'on#ちゅう

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#ちゅう宙 (MC drjuwH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちゅう [chúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɨː]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#ちゅう

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#ちゅう

Noun

宙(ちゅう) • (chūCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#宙 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#宙) ^{←ちう (tiu)Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#宙^?}Category:Japanese lemmas#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#ちゅう Category:Japanese nouns#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#ちゅう Category:Japanese terms spelled with 宙#ちゅう Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#ちゅう Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#ちゅう Category:Pages with entries#宙 Category:Pages with 5 entries#宙

mid-air

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#宙宙 (MC drjuwH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 뜌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttyúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#宙), 1448.Category:Middle Korean hanja#宙
Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〯 (tywǔ) (Yale: tyǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#宙), 1527.Category:Middle Korean hanja#宙

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕu(ː)]Category:Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable#宙
Phonetic hangul: [주(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.