丹

See also: 丼 and 开
丹 U+4E39, 丹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39
← 丸
[U+4E38] 		CJK Unified IdeographsCategory:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000020025 为 →
[U+4E3A]
Category:Han script characters#%20
丹 U+F95E, 丹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95E
← 諾
[U+F95D] 		CJK Compatibility IdeographsCategory:CJK Compatibility Ideographs block#*0000063838 寧 →
[U+F95F]
Category:Unspecified script characters#%20

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丹Category:Translingual lemmas#丶03丹Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#丶03丹Category:Translingual symbols#丶03丹Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#丶03丹Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#丶03丹Category:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+3, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 月卜 (BY), four-corner 77440, composition ⿻⺆亠 or ⿻⺆⿱丶一)Category:Han char with multiple idsCategory:Han script characters#丶03丹

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 99
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 44, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E39

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 丹
alternative forms
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
𠂁
𠁿
𠕑
𢒈
㣋
㐤
𮯱
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丹
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j12547
j12548
j12549
b07719
s03655
Transcribed ancient scripts
L06505
L06506
L06507
L06508
L06509
L06510
L06511
L06512
L06513
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形)Category:Han pictograms#丶03 of a well or mine with cinnabar inside. It can also indicate "red cinnabar" used in dyeing clothes (e.g., 彤). The original version is 𠂁. See also the bottom part of 青 (< 𤯞).

Etymology 1

Schuessler (2007) suggests a Kam-Tai origin, comparing it to Proto-Kam-Sui *h-lanꟲ (“red”). 矸, as in 丹矸, may be a variant; see there for more.

Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-TibetanCategory:Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#丶03Category:Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan#丶03 *t(j)a-n ~ *tsa-n (“red”), whence Burmese တာ (ta, “very red”) (Matisoff, 2003; Hill, 2014); however, STEDT currently does not compare this to 丹.

Possibly related to 旃 (OC *tjan, “a plain red flag”), as well as 袒 (OC *daːnʔ, “to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist”), as skin color is often associated with "red". See these entries for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • dang1 - literary;
  • duan1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 牡丹).
Rime
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都寒切
Baxter tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tan/
Li
Rong		 /tɑn/
Wang
Li		 /tɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 daan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tˁan/
English cinnabar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丹
Reading # 1/1
No. 1980
Phonetic
component		 丹
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 單
Old
Chinese		 /*taːn/
Category:Chinese lemmas#丶03Category:Mandarin lemmas#丶03Category:Cantonese lemmas#丶03Category:Taishanese lemmas#丶03Category:Hakka lemmas#丶03Category:Jin lemmas#丶03Category:Northern Min lemmas#丶03Category:Eastern Min lemmas#丶03Category:Hokkien lemmas#丶03Category:Teochew lemmas#丶03Category:Leizhou Min lemmas#丶03Category:Puxian Min lemmas#丶03Category:Southern Pinghua lemmas#丶03Category:Wu lemmas#丶03Category:Wu lemmas#丶03Category:Xiang lemmas#丶03Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#丶03Category:Old Chinese lemmas#丶03Category:Chinese hanzi#丶03Category:Mandarin hanzi#丶03Category:Cantonese hanzi#丶03Category:Taishanese hanzi#丶03Category:Hakka hanzi#丶03Category:Jin hanzi#丶03Category:Northern Min hanzi#丶03Category:Eastern Min hanzi#丶03Category:Hokkien hanzi#丶03Category:Teochew hanzi#丶03Category:Leizhou Min hanzi#丶03Category:Puxian Min hanzi#丶03Category:Southern Pinghua hanzi#丶03Category:Wu hanzi#丶03Category:Wu hanzi#丶03Category:Xiang hanzi#丶03Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#丶03Category:Old Chinese hanzi#丶03Category:Chinese nouns#丶03Category:Mandarin nouns#丶03Category:Cantonese nouns#丶03Category:Taishanese nouns#丶03Category:Hakka nouns#丶03Category:Jin nouns#丶03Category:Northern Min nouns#丶03Category:Eastern Min nouns#丶03Category:Hokkien nouns#丶03Category:Teochew nouns#丶03Category:Leizhou Min nouns#丶03Category:Puxian Min nouns#丶03Category:Southern Pinghua nouns#丶03Category:Wu nouns#丶03Category:Wu nouns#丶03Category:Xiang nouns#丶03Category:Middle Chinese nouns#丶03Category:Old Chinese nouns#丶03Category:Chinese proper nouns#丶03Category:Mandarin proper nouns#丶03Category:Cantonese proper nouns#丶03Category:Taishanese proper nouns#丶03Category:Hakka proper nouns#丶03Category:Jin proper nouns#丶03Category:Northern Min proper nouns#丶03Category:Eastern Min proper nouns#丶03Category:Hokkien proper nouns#丶03Category:Teochew proper nouns#丶03Category:Leizhou Min proper nouns#丶03Category:Puxian Min proper nouns#丶03Category:Southern Pinghua proper nouns#丶03Category:Wu proper nouns#丶03Category:Wu proper nouns#丶03Category:Xiang proper nouns#丶03Category:Middle Chinese proper nouns#丶03Category:Old Chinese proper nouns#丶03Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#丶03Category:Chinese terms spelled with 丹#丶03

Definitions

丹Category:Chinese lemmas#丶03Category:Chinese hanzi#丶03Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#丶03Category:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. refined medical substance
  4. a surnameCategory:Chinese surnames#丶03
Synonyms
  • (red): See 紅 / 红
  • (cinnabar):

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Category:Chinese lemmas#丶03Category:Mandarin lemmas#丶03Category:Cantonese lemmas#丶03Category:Chinese hanzi#丶03Category:Mandarin hanzi#丶03Category:Cantonese hanzi#丶03Category:Chinese proper nouns#丶03Category:Mandarin proper nouns#丶03Category:Cantonese proper nouns#丶03Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#丶03Category:Chinese terms spelled with 丹#丶03

Definitions

丹Category:Chinese lemmas#丶03Category:Chinese hanzi#丶03Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#丶03Category:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. (CatholicismCategory:zh:Catholicism#丶03) Dan
Synonyms

References

Category:Advanced Mandarin#丶03 Category:zh:Minerals#丶03

Japanese

Kanji

丹

(Jōyō kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#丶03Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#丶03Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#丶03
  1. cinnabar
  2. red
  3. elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life)
  4. improvised medicine
  5. devotion
  6. short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)Category:Japanese short forms#たんCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#たん

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
丹
に
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 丹 read as に#にCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#にCategory:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#に

From Old JapaneseCategory:Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese#にCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#にCategory:Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese#に, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.

Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#にCategory:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#に

Noun

丹(に) • (niCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#丹Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#丹) Category:Japanese lemmas#にCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#にCategory:Japanese nouns#にCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#にCategory:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#にCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#にCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 丹#にCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#にCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#にCategory:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. the color red
    Synonyms: 赤色 (akairo), 丹色 (niiro)
  2. red earth
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
丹
たん
Grade: S
on'yomi
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 丹 read as たん#たんCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#たんCategory:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#たん

From Middle ChineseCategory:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#たんCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#たん 丹 (MC tan).

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#にCategory:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#に

Noun

丹(たん) • (tanCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#丹Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#丹) Category:Japanese lemmas#たんCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#たんCategory:Japanese nouns#たんCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#たんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#たんCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#たんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 丹#たんCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#たんCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#たんCategory:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. cinnabar
    Synonym: 辰砂 (shinsha)
  2. a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga
  3. medicine, especially one for inducing immortality
    Synonym: 薬 (yaku)
  4. a yellow-red color, as of cinnabar
Derived terms

Proper noun

丹(たん) • (TanCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#丹Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#丹) Category:Japanese lemmas#たんCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#たんCategory:Japanese proper nouns#たんCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#たんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji#たんCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#たんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 丹#たんCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#たんCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#たんCategory:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. a surnameCategory:Japanese surnames#たんCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#たん

References

Category:ja:Reds#に

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle ChineseCategory:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#丹 丹 (MC tan).

Hanja

丹 (eumhun 붉을 단 (bulgeul dan))Category:Korean lemmas#단Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#단Category:Korean hanja#단Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#단Category:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. hanja form? of 단 (“red”)Category:Korean hanja forms#丹

Compounds

Etymology 2

Hanja

丹 (eumhun 정성스러울 란 (jeongseongseureoul ran), word-initial (South Korea) 정성스러울 난 (jeongseongseureoul nan))Category:Korean lemmas#란Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#란Category:Korean hanja#란Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#란Category:Pages with entries#丹Category:Pages with 5 entries#丹

  1. hanja form? of 란 (“devotion”)Category:Korean hanja forms#丹

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丹

Vietnamese

Han character

丹: Hán Việt readings: đan (都(đô)艱(gian)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], đơn[5][4]Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán#丶03 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
丹: Nôm readings: đơn[2][6][5][4][7], đan[1][2][3][6]Category:Vietnamese Nom#丶03 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

  1. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“cinnabar”)Category:Vietnamese links with ignored id parameters#丹Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán
  2. chữ Hán form of đan/đơn (“red color”)Category:Vietnamese links with ignored id parameters#丹Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán

Compounds

References

Category:Advanced Mandarin Category:CJK Compatibility Ideographs block Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block Category:Cantonese hanzi Category:Cantonese lemmas Category:Cantonese nouns Category:Cantonese proper nouns Category:Chinese hanzi Category:Chinese lemmas Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Chinese nouns Category:Chinese proper nouns Category:Chinese surnames Category:Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan Category:Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan Category:Chinese terms spelled with 丹 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes Category:Eastern Min hanzi Category:Eastern Min lemmas Category:Eastern Min nouns Category:Eastern Min proper nouns Category:Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa Category:Hakka hanzi Category:Hakka lemmas Category:Hakka nouns Category:Hakka proper nouns Category:Han char with multiple ids Category:Han pictograms Category:Han script characters Category:Hokkien hanzi Category:Hokkien lemmas Category:Hokkien nouns Category:Hokkien proper nouns Category:Japanese jōyō kanji Category:Japanese kanji Category:Japanese kanji with goon reading たん Category:Japanese kanji with kan'on reading たん Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading あか Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading あか・い Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading に Category:Japanese kanji with nanori reading あかし Category:Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら Category:Japanese kanji with nanori reading まこと Category:Japanese lemmas Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Japanese nouns Category:Japanese proper nouns Category:Japanese short forms Category:Japanese single-kanji terms Category:Japanese surnames Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese Category:Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi Category:Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji Category:Japanese terms spelled with 丹 Category:Japanese terms spelled with 丹 read as たん Category:Japanese terms spelled with 丹 read as に Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō) Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations Category:Jin hanzi Category:Jin lemmas Category:Jin nouns Category:Jin proper nouns Category:Korean hanja Category:Korean hanja forms Category:Korean lemmas Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Leizhou Min hanzi Category:Leizhou Min lemmas Category:Leizhou Min nouns Category:Leizhou Min proper nouns Category:Mandarin hanzi Category:Mandarin lemmas Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters Category:Mandarin nouns Category:Mandarin proper nouns Category:Middle Chinese hanzi Category:Middle Chinese lemmas Category:Middle Chinese nouns Category:Middle Chinese proper nouns Category:Northern Min hanzi Category:Northern Min lemmas Category:Northern Min nouns Category:Northern Min proper nouns Category:Old Chinese hanzi Category:Old Chinese lemmas Category:Old Chinese nouns Category:Old Chinese proper nouns Category:Pages with 5 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Puxian Min hanzi Category:Puxian Min lemmas Category:Puxian Min nouns Category:Puxian Min proper nouns Category:Southern Pinghua hanzi Category:Southern Pinghua lemmas Category:Southern Pinghua nouns Category:Southern Pinghua proper nouns Category:Taishanese hanzi Category:Taishanese lemmas Category:Taishanese nouns Category:Taishanese proper nouns Category:Teochew hanzi Category:Teochew lemmas Category:Teochew nouns Category:Teochew proper nouns Category:Translingual lemmas Category:Translingual links with redundant alt parameters Category:Translingual links with redundant wikilinks Category:Translingual symbols Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes Category:Unspecified script characters Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán Category:Vietnamese Han characters Category:Vietnamese Nom Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese links with ignored id parameters Category:Wu hanzi Category:Wu lemmas Category:Wu nouns Category:Wu proper nouns Category:Xiang hanzi Category:Xiang lemmas Category:Xiang nouns Category:Xiang proper nouns Category:ja:Reds Category:zh:Catholicism Category:zh:Minerals