Wikimore

Historical forms of the character 決
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (夬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袂	*mɡʷeds
夬	*kʷraːds
快	*kʰʷraːds
駃	kʰʷraːds, kʷeːd
筷	*kʰʷraːds
炔	*kʷeːds
觖	kʰʷeds, kʷeːd
缺	kʰʷed, kʰʷeːd
蒛	*kʰʷed
吷	*qʰʷed
妜	qʷed, qʷeːd
決	kʷeːd, qʰʷeːd
訣	*kʷeːd
抉	kʷeːd, qʷeːd
玦	*kʷeːd
芵	*kʷeːd
赽	*kʷeːd
鴂	*kʷeːd
鈌	*kʷeːd
决	*kʷeːd
疦	kʷeːd, qʰʷeːd
蚗	*kʷeːd
趹	*kʷeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#水04: semantic 氵 + phonetic 夬 (OC *kʷraːds)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#決.

Etymology

Possibly a derivative of 夬 (OC *kʷraːds, “to split”).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		決/决
simp.		决
alternative forms		𣲺

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jué (jue²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#決)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jue²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): juě

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jue̊q
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kyut³

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): koet⁸

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kut²
Gan (Wiktionary): jiet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiet / kiat

(Hailu, HRS): gied

(Meixian, Guangdong): giad⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): gṳĕ
Eastern Min (BUC): giók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeh⁶ / gyoeh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koat

(Teochew, Peng'im): guag⁴ / guêg⁴

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kieg⁴
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): kyut²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷ciuq / ⁷cioq / ⁷cioeq
- (Jinhua): ⁵cioe; ⁷ciuq
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): jye⁶

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): jye⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jué
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh²
  - Yale: jywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jue²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gye
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕye²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: juě
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: jue̊q
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jueq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kyut³
  - Yale: kyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: küd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: koet⁸
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰøt̚²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kut²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰut̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jiet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: gied^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat
  - Hakka Romanization System: giad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gied
  - Sinological IPA: /kiet⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jyeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɛ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɔʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: goeh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyøʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
  - Tâi-lô: kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koad
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuat̚⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guag⁴ / guêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuak / kuek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuak̚²/, /kuek̚²/

Note:

guag4 - Shantou;
guêg4 - Chaozhou.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: kieg⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiek̚⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: kyut²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyt̚³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciuq
  - MiniDict: ciuih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jyq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /cyœʔ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷cioq
  - MiniDict: cioh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕioʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕyoʔ⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕioʔ⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Chongming, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷cioeq
  - MiniDict: cioeh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕyøʔ⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiøʔ⁴⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cioe; ⁷ciuq
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕyɤ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕyəʔ⁴⁴/

Note:

Chongming:
- 7cioq - vernacular;
- 7cioeq - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jye⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯e̞²⁴/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: jye⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯e̞²²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 決
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕye⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕyɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕyə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕye²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕye³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕyəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕye²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kiat̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kiet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰyt̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰyt̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰyt̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kuat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kyɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kyɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kuak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwet

Rime
Character	決
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古穴切
Baxter	kwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/kuet̚/
Wang Li	/kiwet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gyut³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷˤet/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷeːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	決	決
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jué	jué
Middle Chinese	‹ kwet ›	‹ kwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷˁet/	/*[k]ʷˁet/
English	open a passage for a stream	open; decide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	決
Reading #	1/2
No.	4416
Phonetic component	夬
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	玦
Old Chinese	/*kʷeːd/

Definitions

決Category:Chinese lemmas#水04 Category:Chinese hanzi#水04 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#水04 Category:Pages with entries#決 Category:Pages with 5 entries#決

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#水04) to dredge; to dig
to burst; to break; to breach
to decide; to determine
Synonym: 定 (dìng)

去意已決／去意已决 ― qùyì yǐ jué ― to be determined to leaveCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
to decide the outcome; to contest
to judge; to pronounce the verdict
definitely; certainly; absolutely (with a negative)
to execute; to put to death
炮決／炮决 ― pàojué ― execution by artillery fireCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

斬立決／斩立决 ― zhǎn lì jué ― summary execution by decapitationCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
1. (Xiamen Category:Xiamen Hokkien#水04 and Quanzhou Hokkien Category:Quanzhou Hokkien#水04) to execute by shooting
(Xiamen Category:Xiamen Hokkien#水04 and Quanzhou Hokkien Category:Quanzhou Hokkien#水04) to duel; to fight a decisive battle or struggle
alternative form of 訣 / 诀 (jué, “to part; to bid farewell”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#水04) alternative form of 抉 (jué, “to gouge; to pick out”)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (決):

→ Vietnamese: quyết (決Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#決)

Pronunciation 2

trad.		決/决
simp.		决
alternative forms		𣲺吷𦐍𦐋

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuè (xue⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#決)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyut³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh⁴
  - Yale: sywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
  - Palladius: сюэ (sjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hyut³
  - Yale: hyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hüd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːt̚³/

Middle Chinese: xwet

Rime
Character	決
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	呼決切
Baxter	xwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/xuet̚/
Wang Li	/xiwet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyut³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷeːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	決
Reading #	2/2
No.	4432
Phonetic component	夬
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	血
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷeːd/

Category:zh-pron usage missing POS Category:Chinese lemmas#水04 Category:Mandarin lemmas#水04 Category:Cantonese lemmas#水04 Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#水04 Category:Old Chinese lemmas#水04 Category:Chinese hanzi#水04 Category:Mandarin hanzi#水04 Category:Cantonese hanzi#水04 Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#水04 Category:Old Chinese hanzi#水04 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#水04 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 決#水04

Pronunciation 3

trad.		決/决
simp.		决
alternative forms		缺

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quē (que¹Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#決)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: quē
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyue
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh¹
  - Yale: chywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiue
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kyut³
  - Yale: kyut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: küd³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³/

Category:Chinese lemmas#水04 Category:Mandarin lemmas#水04 Category:Cantonese lemmas#水04 Category:Chinese hanzi#水04 Category:Mandarin hanzi#水04 Category:Cantonese hanzi#水04 Category:Chinese verbs#水04 Category:Mandarin verbs#水04 Category:Cantonese verbs#水04 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#水04 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 決#水04

Japanese

Kanji

決

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#水04 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#水04 Category:Japanese third grade kanji#水04 Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji#水04 Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#水04

to burst
to decide, to determine, to judge
to kill, to put to death

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

決(けっ)する (kessuru): to make up one's mind, to determine (to do something)
決(けっ)して (kesshite): (followed by a negative verb) never, not at all

Etymology

Kanji in this term
決
けつ Grade: 3
kan'on

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 決 read as けつ#けつ Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#けつ Category:Japanese terms read with kan'on#けつ

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#けつ決 (MC kwet).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けつ [kéꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ke̞t͡sɨ]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#けつ

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#けつ Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#けつ

Noun

決(けつ) • (ketsuCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#決 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#決) Category:Japanese lemmas#けつ Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#けつ Category:Japanese nouns#けつ Category:Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji#けつ Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#けつ Category:Japanese terms spelled with 決#けつ Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#けつ Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#けつ Category:Pages with entries#決 Category:Pages with 5 entries#決

decision, vote

Derived terms

決(けつ)を取(と)る (ketsu o toru)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#결 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#결 決 (MC kwet).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄀᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: kyyélq)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	결ᄒᆞᆯ (Yale: kyel-hol)	결 (Yale: kyel)