Wikimore

See also: 貭 and 质

質	U+8CEA, 質 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CEA

← 賩
[U+8CE9]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000036074

賫 →
[U+8CEB]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
Unihan data for U+8CEA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 質
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (質) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
質	tids, tjid
躓	*tids
懫	tids, tjid
礩	tjids, tjid
櫍	*tjid
劕	*tjid
鑕	*tjid

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意)Category:Han ideogrammic compounds#貝08: 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#貝08, where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

Etymology 1

trad.		質
simp.		质
alternative forms		貭筫𫎘𧸲

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhì, zhí

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ, ㄓˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): zhǐ

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): zhii̊q
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zat¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): zak⁷

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zit²
Gan (Wiktionary): ziit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳt

(Hailu, HRS): zhid

(Meixian, Guangdong): zed⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): cék
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zih⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chit / chet

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziêh⁴ / zioh⁴

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jieg⁴
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zet²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷tseq / ⁷ciq
- (Jinhua): ⁷ciq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
  - Wade–Giles: chih²
  - Yale: jŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/Category:Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations#zhì
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: zhii̊q
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): zhiiq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zat¹
  - Yale: jāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: zak⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐk̚⁴⁴/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zit²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sit̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ziit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhid
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃit⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sət̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zih⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cih
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zih⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chet
  - Tâi-lô: tset
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zed
  - Sinological IPA (Hui'an): /t͡set̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziêh⁴ / zioh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsieh / tsioh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieʔ²/, /t͡sioʔ²/

Note:

ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
zioh4 - Shantou.

- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: jieg⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡siek̚⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: zet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡set̚³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tseq
  - MiniDict: tseh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡səʔ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡səʔ⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡səʔ⁴³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡seʔ⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciq
  - MiniDict: cih^入
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁷ciq
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhr⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 質
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sət̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʃït̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sit̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡si²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sioʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsyit

Rime
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之日切
Baxter	tsyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t-lit/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyit ›
Old Chinese	/*t-lit/
English	substance, solid part
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
No.	17401
Phonetic component	質
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	質
Old Chinese	/*tjid/
Notes	金文本從折聲

Definitions

質Category:Chinese lemmas#貝08 Category:Chinese hanzi#貝08 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#貝08 Category:Pages with entries#質 Category:Pages with 5 entries#質

matter; material; substance
nature; intrinsic quality; essence
quality
(Cantonese Category:Cantonese Chinese#貝08, literary Category:Chinese literary terms#貝08, or in compounds) to query; to ask about
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#貝08, or in compounds) simple; plain
alternative form of 櫍 / 𬃊 (zhì)

Synonyms

(matter): 物質／物质 (wùzhì)
(nature):

edit

實質 / 实质 (shízhì)
性質 / 性质 (xìngzhì)
本色
本質 / 本质 (běnzhì)
真態 / 真态 (zhēntài) (literary)
素質 / 素质 (sùzhì)

(quality):

Dialectal synonyms of 質量 (“quality (opposite of quantity 數量)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		質, 品
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		品質, 成色, 質量
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	質量, 品質
	Taiwan	品質
	Singapore	品質
Cantonese	Hong Kong	質素, 品質

(to query):

edit

了解 (liǎojiě)
咨問 / 咨问 (zīwèn) (literary)
問 / 问 (wèn)
問訊 / 问讯 (wènxùn)
問話 / 问话 (wènhuà) (of superiors or elders)
打聽 / 打听 (dǎtīng)
扣問 / 扣问 (kòuwèn) (literary)
探問 / 探问 (tànwèn)
探詢 / 探询 (tànxún)
查問 / 查问 (cháwèn)
查詢 / 查询 (cháxún)
訊 / 讯 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
訊問 / 讯问 (xùnwèn)
詢問 / 询问 (xúnwèn)
諮詢 / 谘询 (zīxún)

(simple):

edit

古拙 (gǔzhuó)
古樸 / 古朴 (gǔpǔ)
樸實 / 朴实 (pǔshí)
樸素 / 朴素 (pǔsù)
樸質 / 朴质 (pǔzhì) (archaic)
素樸 / 素朴 (sùpǔ)
質樸 / 质朴 (zhìpǔ)
質素 / 质素 (zhìsù)

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		質
simp.		质
alternative forms		貭筫𫎘𧸲

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#質)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳt / chṳ

(Hailu, HRS): zhid
Eastern Min (BUC): cé
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chì / chit

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih⁴
  - Yale: jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi³
  - Yale: ji
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt / chṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziid^ˋ / zii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵ / zi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/, /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhid
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃit⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì / chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsì / tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cix, cid
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹/, /t͡sit̚⁵/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2

Note:

chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.

Middle Chinese: trijH

Rime
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟利切
Baxter	trijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈji^H/
Li Rong	/ȶji^H/
Wang Li	/ȶi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]<r>ip-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]<r>ip-s/
English	hostage; gift
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.