zi-

Chichewa

Pronunciation

Prefix

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *bì-

Prefix

zi-Category:Chichewa lemmas#ZI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#ZI-Category:Chichewa noun prefixes#ZI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Prefix

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *bí-

Prefix

zi-Category:Chichewa lemmas#ZI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#ZI-Category:Chichewa subject concords#ZI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. Class 8 subject concord.

Prefix

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-

Prefix

zi-Category:Chichewa lemmas#ZI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#ZI-Category:Chichewa subject concords#ZI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. Class 10 subject concord.

Prefix

zi-Category:Chichewa lemmas#ZI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#ZI-Category:Chichewa augmentative prefixes#ZI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. plural of chi- (“augmentative prefix”)

Derived terms

Fwe

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Fwe terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Fwe terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *bì-. Compare Swahili vi-.

Prefix

zi-Category:Fwe lemmas#ZI-Category:Fwe prefixes#ZI-Category:Fwe noun prefixes#ZI-Category:Fwe entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. Class 8 noun prefix (plural of ci-).

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-BantuCategory:Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

zi-Category:Northern Ndebele lemmas#ZI-Category:Northern Ndebele prefixes#ZI-Category:Northern Ndebele subject concords#ZI-Category:Northern Ndebele object concords#ZI-Category:Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. they; class 8 subject concord.
  2. them; class 8 object concord.
  3. they; class 10 subject concord.
  4. them; class 10 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-BantuCategory:Southern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Southern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

zi-Category:Southern Ndebele lemmas#ZI-Category:Southern Ndebele prefixes#ZI-Category:Southern Ndebele subject concords#ZI-Category:Southern Ndebele object concords#ZI-Category:Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. they; class 8 subject concord.
  2. them; class 8 object concord.
  3. they; class 10 subject concord.
  4. them; class 10 object concord.

Swahili

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-.

Prefix

zi-Category:Swahili lemmas#ZI-Category:Swahili prefixes#ZI-Category:Swahili entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

  1. they; n class(X) subject concord
    • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
      Taa zenye nuru kali, moja kwa juu mwisho wa ngazi, na moja kwa chini mwanzo wa ngazi zilimmulika Kasim Hakimu Marjani […]
      Lamps shining with an intense light, one on top at the end of the stairs and one below at the beginning of the stairs, illuminated Kasim Hakimu Marjani […]
      Category:Swahili terms with quotations#ZI-
  2. verb-initial form of -zi- (“them, n class(X) object concord”)
See also
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
class subject concord object concord relative
affirmative negative
m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo

For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns

Etymology 2

    Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *vi̧-, from Proto-Bantu *bì-.

    Category:Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Sabaki#ZI-Category:Swahili terms derived from Proto-Sabaki#ZI-Category:Swahili entries with etymology texts#ZI-Category:Pages using etymon with no ID#ZI-

    Prefix

    zi-Category:Swahili lemmas#ZI-Category:Swahili prefixes#ZI-Category:Swahili entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

    1. (Northern) alternative form of vi-

    References

    • Stigand, Chauncey Hugh (1915), A grammar of dialectic changes in the Kiswahili language‎, London: Cambridge University Press, page 36

    Tooro

    Alternative forms

    • (before vowels) z-

    Etymology

    From Proto-BantuCategory:Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-.

    Pronunciation

    Prefix

    zi-Category:Tooro lemmas#ZI-Category:Tooro prefixes#ZI-Category:Tooro pronominal concords#ZI-Category:Tooro subject concords#ZI-Category:Tooro entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

    1. class 10 pronominal concord
      ‎zi- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎zinu (“these (class 10)”)
    2. they; class 10 subject concord
      ‎zi- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎zikora (“they (class 10) do”)
    3. positive imperative form of -zi- (“them; class 10 object concord”)
      ‎zi- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎ziha (“give them (class 10)”)

    See also

    Tooro personal pronouns
    class person independent possessive subject
    concord    		 object
    concord    		 combined forms
    na ni
    class 1first nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
    second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
    third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
    class 2first itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
    second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
    third bo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
    class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
    class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
    class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
    class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
    class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
    class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
    class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
    class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
    class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
    class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
    class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
    class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
    class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
    class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
    class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
    (...-yo)    		 -ha- N/A nukwo
    class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
    (...-mu)    		 -ha- N/A numwo
    reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

    References

    • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

    Tumbuka

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Tumbuka terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Tumbuka terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-

    Prefix

    zi-Category:Tumbuka lemmas#ZI-Category:Tumbuka prefixes#ZI-Category:Tumbuka subject concords#ZI-Category:Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

    1. Class 10 subject concord.

    Xhosa

    Etymology

    From Proto-BantuCategory:Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

    Prefix

    zi-Category:Xhosa lemmas#ZI-Category:Xhosa prefixes#ZI-Category:Xhosa subject concords#ZI-Category:Xhosa object concords#ZI-Category:Xhosa entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

    1. they; class 8 subject concord.
    2. them; class 8 object concord.
    3. they; class 10 subject concord.
    4. them; class 10 object concord.

    Zulu

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-BantuCategory:Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

    Prefix

    zi-Category:Zulu lemmas#ZI-Category:Zulu prefixes#ZI-Category:Zulu simple noun prefixes#ZI-Category:Zulu entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

    1. Class 8 simple noun prefix.
    2. Class 10 simple noun prefix, used when preceding a consonant n, m, or l.

    Etymology 2

    From Proto-BantuCategory:Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#ZI-Category:Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu#ZI- *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

    Prefix

    zí-Category:Zulu lemmas#ZI-Category:Zulu prefixes#ZI-Category:Zulu subject concords#ZI-Category:Zulu object concords#ZI-Category:Zulu entries with incorrect language header#ZI-Category:Pages with entries#ZI-Category:Pages with 9 entries#ZI-

    1. they; class 8 subject concord.
    2. them; class 8 object concord.
    3. they; class 10 subject concord.
    4. them; class 10 object concord.

    References

    Category:Chichewa augmentative prefixes Category:Chichewa lemmas Category:Chichewa noun prefixes Category:Chichewa prefixes Category:Chichewa subject concords Category:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Chichewa terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Fwe lemmas Category:Fwe noun prefixes Category:Fwe prefixes Category:Fwe terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Fwe terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Northern Ndebele lemmas Category:Northern Ndebele object concords Category:Northern Ndebele prefixes Category:Northern Ndebele subject concords Category:Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Pages using etymon with no ID Category:Pages with 9 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Southern Ndebele lemmas Category:Southern Ndebele object concords Category:Southern Ndebele prefixes Category:Southern Ndebele subject concords Category:Southern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Southern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Swahili entries with etymology texts Category:Swahili lemmas Category:Swahili prefixes Category:Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Swahili terms derived from Proto-Sabaki Category:Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Sabaki Category:Swahili terms with quotations Category:Tooro lemmas Category:Tooro prefixes Category:Tooro pronominal concords Category:Tooro subject concords Category:Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Tooro terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Tumbuka lemmas Category:Tumbuka prefixes Category:Tumbuka subject concords Category:Tumbuka terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Tumbuka terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Xhosa lemmas Category:Xhosa object concords Category:Xhosa prefixes Category:Xhosa subject concords Category:Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu Category:Zulu lemmas Category:Zulu object concords Category:Zulu prefixes Category:Zulu simple noun prefixes Category:Zulu subject concords Category:Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu Category:Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu