’
See also: ' [U+0027 APOSTROPHE], ʼ [U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE], ʹ [U+02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME], ′ [U+2032 PRIME], ’ [U+1FBF GREEK PSILI], ’ [U+1FBD GREEK KORONIS], and ‘ ’
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Translingual
Alternative forms
The ASCII apostrophe may be used for all language-specific forms listed below:
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Category:Requests for etymologies in Translingual entries#’
Punctuation mark
’Category:Translingual lemmas#’Category:Translingual punctuation marks#’Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- Used as a quotation mark in some languages.
- (informalCategory:Translingual informal terms#’) A substitute for the letter ⟨ʼ⟩ for glottal stop and ejective consonants in the orthographies of various languages of America, Africa, and the Pacific.
- (informalCategory:Translingual informal terms#’, in transliterated Arabic and Hebrew text) A substitute for ⟨ʼ⟩ for hamza.
- (informalCategory:Translingual informal terms#’, in transliterated Cyrillic text) A substitute for the modifying diacritic ⟨ʹ⟩ used to transliterate the soft sign ⟨ь⟩ and palatalized consonants.
- (international standards) transliteration of Sanskrit avagraha ऽ (or equivalents)
See also
- apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ )
- curly brackets or braces (US) ( { } )
- square brackets or brackets (US) ( [ ] )
- colon ( : )
- comma ( , )
- dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
- ellipsis ( … )
- exclamation mark ( ! )
- fraction slash ( ⁄ )
- guillemets ( « » ) ( ‹ › )
- hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ )
- interpunct ( · )
- interrobang (rare) ( ‽ )
- brackets or parentheses (US, Canada) ( ( ) )
- full stop or period (US, Canada) ( . )
- question mark ( ? )
- quotation marks (formal) ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
- quotation marks (informal, computing) ( " ) ( ' )
- semicolon ( ; )
- slash or stroke (UK) ( / )
- space ( ] [ )
- Afrikaans: “ ” · ‘ ’ · „ ” · ‚ ’
- Albanian: „ “ · ‘ ’
- Arabic: « » · “ ”
- Armenian: « »
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: « » · “ ”
- Azerbaijani: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · " " · ‘ ’ · ' '
- Basque: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · ‘ ’
- Belarusian: « » · “ ”
- Bulgarian: „ “ · ’ ’ · ‘ ’ · « » · ’ ’ · ‘ ’ · —
- Catalan: « » · “ ” · ‘ ’, —
- Chinese: “ ” · ‘ ’ · 「 」 · 『 』
- Czech: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- Danish: » « · „ “ · › ‹ · ‚ ’ · ” ” · ’ ’
- Dutch: ‘ ’ · “ ” · ‚ ’ · „ ”
- English U.K.: ' ' · " " · ‘ ’ · “ ”
- English U.S.: " " · ' ' · “ ” · ‘ ’
- Esperanto: (depends on country of publication)
- Estonian: „ “ · « »
- Filipino: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Finnish: ” ” · ’ ’ · » »
- French: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · —
- Georgian: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- German: „ “ · ‚ ‘ ; » « · › ‹ ; regional: « » · ‹ ›
- Greek: « » · “ ” · ‟ ” · —
- Hungarian: „ ” · » « · —
- Icelandic: „ “ · ‚ ‘
- Indonesian: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Interlingua: (depends on country of publication)
- Irish: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Italian: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · ‘ ’
- Japanese: 「 」 · 『 』 · 〝 〟 · 〝 〞
- Korean: South: “ ” · ‘ ’ · 『 』 · 「 」; North: 《 》 · 〈 〉
- Latvian: « » · „ “
- Lithuanian: « » · „ “
- Lower Sorbian: „ “ · ‚ ‘
- Macedonian: „ “ · ’ ‘ · ‘ ’
- Northern Kurdish: « »
- Norwegian: « » · „ “ · ‘ ’ · ‚ ‘
- Persian: « »
- Polish: „ ” · « » · » « · —
- Portuguese: “ ” · ‘ ’ · « » · —
- Romanian: „ ” · « » · —
- Russian: « » · „ “ · „ ” · —
- Serbo-Croatian: „ ” · ” ” · ‘ ’ · ’ ’ · „ “ · » «
- Slovak: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- Slovene: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- Spanish: « » · “ ” · ‘ ’ · —
- Swedish: ” ” · ’ ’ · » » · » « · —
- Thai: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Turkish: “ ” · ‘ ’ · « » · › ‹ · —
- Ukrainian: « » · „ ” · ‚ ‘
- Vietnamese: “ ” · « » (rare) · ‘ ’ · —
- Welsh: ‘ ’ · “ ”
- Zazaki: « » · ‹ ›
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
- Curved double quotation marks: “ ” · ” ” · „ ” · „ “ · ‟ ”
- Curved single quotation marks: ‘ ’ · ’ ’ · ‚ ’ · ‚ ‘ · ’ ‘ · ‛ ’
- Straight double quotation marks: " "
- Straight single quotation marks: ' '
- Guillemets: « » · » « · » »
- Single guillemets: ‹ › · › ‹
- Corner brackets: 「 」 · 『 』
- Angle brackets: 《 》 · 〈 〉
- Prime quotation marks: 〝 〟 · 〝 〞
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
- Curved double quotation marks: “ · ” · „ · ‟
- Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘ · ’ · ‚ · ‛
- Straight double quotation mark: "
- Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
- Prime quotation marks: 〝 · 〞 · 〟
- Guillemets: « · »
- Single guillemets: ‹ · ›
- Corner brackets: 「 · 」 · 『 · 』
- Quotation dashes: — (em dash) · ― (horizontal bar) · – (en dash)
Further reading
English
Punctuation mark
’Category:English punctuations#’Category:English words spelled without vowels#’Category:English entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
Usage notes
- When indicating a possessive (see -') and omission of letters, this symbol is called an apostrophe.
- Some use the homoglyph ʼ (U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE) instead.[1]
References
- ↑ Ted Clancy (3 June 2015), “Which Unicode character should represent the English apostrophe? (And why the Unicode committee is very wrong.)”, in Ted’s Blog: Stuff about my work at Mozilla.
Armenian
Punctuation mark
’Category:Armenian lemmas#’Category:Armenian punctuation marks#’Category:Armenian entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)
- In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
- ’ի տուն ― ’i tun ― to homeCategory:Armenian terms with usage examples#’
- In literary Western Armenian, replaces reduced vowels, especially in the case of the particles կը (kə), մը (mə), չի (čʻi).
- կ’ըսէ ― k’əsē ― saysCategory:Armenian terms with usage examples#’
- չ’երթար ― čʻ’ertʻar ― doesn't goCategory:Armenian terms with usage examples#’
- In transliterating European proper nouns with apostrophes, such as names with the particles d', O', transliterates the apostrophe.
- Ժաննա դ’Արկ ― Žanna d’Ark ― Joan of ArcCategory:Armenian terms with usage examples#’
- In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
Usage notes
- According to the Unicode Standard, U+055A ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE has the same shape and function as the Latin apostrophe at U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, which is preferred.[1]
See also
- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ ՖֆCategory:Armenian terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖCategory:Armenian terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ Category:Armenian terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊Category:Armenian terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Symbols): ֏Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#’ ֎Category:Armenian terms with redundant script codes#’ ֍Category:Armenian terms with redundant script codes#’
References
Belarusian
Punctuation mark
’Category:Belarusian lemmas#’Category:Belarusian punctuation marks#’Category:Belarusian entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- Indicating the non-palatalization of the preceding consonant before a soft vowel.
Finnish
Punctuation mark
’Category:Finnish lemmas#’Category:Finnish punctuation marks#’Category:Finnish entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- alternative spelling of ’
Usage notes
See the usage notes under the entry.
German
Punctuation mark
’Category:German lemmas#’Category:German punctuation marks#’Category:German entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- Indicating the omission of letters.
- In case of enclitic pronouns: wenn es → wenn’s, gibt es → gibt’s
- (sometimes proscribed) In case of merging of prepositions and articles: auf dem → auf’m
- In case of omission of e in the present indicative: ich gehe → ich geh’, wir/sie gehen → wir/sie geh’n
- (sometimes proscribed) In case of the omission of e in the imperative singular: gehe du → geh’ du
- (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the imperative plural: gehet ihr → geh’t ihr
- (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the past participle: entdecket → entdeck’t, bezeuget → bezeug’t
- (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the genitive case: Gottes → Gott’s, Königes → König’s
Usage notes
- In many cases where letters are omitted, there are also spellings without an apostrophes (e.g. wenns, aufm, gehn, geh, geht, entdeckt).
Lithuanian
Punctuation mark
’Category:Lithuanian lemmas#’Category:Lithuanian punctuation marks#’Category:Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- (rareCategory:Lithuanian terms with rare senses#’) used to indicate silent vowels
- mirdamas → mirdam’s
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (rareCategory:Lithuanian terms with rare senses#’) used to compound foreign words, names and abbreviations with Lithuanian suffixes
- YouTube → YouTube’as
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- William Shakespeare → William’as Shakespeare’as
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- TASS → TASS’as
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Usage notes
- Phonetic respellings are preferred over the latter sense.
- Affixed nouns almost always pertain masculine suffixes, particularly -as, and are grammatically treated as masculine.
Macedonian
Punctuation mark
’Category:Macedonian lemmas#’Category:Macedonian punctuation marks#’Category:Macedonian entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- A symbol placed before a syllabic р (r) at the beginning of a word: ’рт, ’рѓа, ’рбет, ’рмба etc.
- A symbol used to denote the schwa sound in some dialectal words: к’смет.
See also
Ottoman Turkish
Letter
’Category:Ottoman Turkish lemmas#’Category:Ottoman Turkish letters#’Category:Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- A symbol in the Armeno-Turkish script used to spell words containing ع and ء in the Perso-Arabic script. Represents glottal stop: [ʔ]. Transliterated as '.
Usage notes
This was often unpronounced, and is not written in Modern Turkish anymore. For example, Ottoman ساعت, սա’աթ (saʼat) is Modern Turkish saat.
See also
- (The Armeno-Turkish script): Աա Գգ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Կկ Հհ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Չչ Պպ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ ’Category:Ottoman Turkish terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Primarily in Armenian words): Բբ Դդ Ծծ Ձձ Ջջ Ոո Ռռ Ցց ՒւCategory:Ottoman Turkish terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Letter combinations): էօ իւ ու նկ նղ Category:Ottoman Turkish terms with redundant script codes#’
- (Punctuation): ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ․ ։ ֊Category:Ottoman Turkish terms with redundant script codes#’
Ukrainian
Punctuation mark
’Category:Ukrainian lemmas#’Category:Ukrainian punctuation marks#’Category:Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header#’Category:Pages with entries#’Category:Pages with 10 entries#’
- Indicates the non-palatalization of the preceding consonant before a soft vowel.
- Represents the apostrophe in names transliterated from the Latin alphabet.
- Кот-д’Івуар ― Kot-dʺIvuar ― Côte d’IvoireCategory:Ukrainian terms with usage examples#’
Category:Armenian block
Category:Armenian lemmas
Category:Armenian punctuation marks
Category:Armenian script characters
Category:Armenian terms with redundant script codes
Category:Armenian terms with usage examples
Category:Belarusian lemmas
Category:Belarusian punctuation marks
Category:Character boxes with images
Category:English punctuations
Category:English words spelled without vowels
Category:Finnish lemmas
Category:Finnish punctuation marks
Category:General Punctuation block
Category:German lemmas
Category:German punctuation marks
Category:Lithuanian lemmas
Category:Lithuanian punctuation marks
Category:Lithuanian terms with rare senses
Category:Lithuanian terms with usage examples
Category:Macedonian lemmas
Category:Macedonian links with redundant alt parameters
Category:Macedonian punctuation marks
Category:Macedonian terms in nonstandard scripts
Category:Ottoman Turkish lemmas
Category:Ottoman Turkish letters
Category:Ottoman Turkish terms with redundant script codes
Category:Pages with 10 entries
Category:Pages with entries
Category:Requests for etymologies in Translingual entries
Category:Requests for translations of Lithuanian usage examples
Category:Translingual informal terms
Category:Translingual lemmas
Category:Translingual punctuation marks
Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes
Category:Ukrainian lemmas
Category:Ukrainian punctuation marks
Category:Ukrainian terms with usage examples
Category:Unspecified script characters