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See also: 㚈 and 舛

外	U+5916, 外 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5916

← 夕
[U+5915]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000022806

夗 →
[U+5917]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

外Category:Translingual lemmas#夕02外 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#夕02外 Category:Translingual symbols#夕02外 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#夕02外 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#夕02外 Category:Pages with entries#外 Category:Pages with 5 entries#外 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+2, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 弓戈卜 (NIY), four-corner 2320₀, composition ⿰夕卜(GHTVHK))Category:Han script characters#夕02外

Derived characters

𠰻, 𢫑, 𣳢, 𫟌, 迯, 𡎢, 䀤, 夞, 𡎥, 𡎦, 㔰

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5750

Dae Jaweon: page 487, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 860, character 1

Unihan data for U+5916

Chinese

trad.		外
simp. ^#		外
alternative forms		𡖄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 外
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷaːds)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#夕02: semantic 卜 + phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#外.

According to 学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Dai Jiten), it is also an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意)Category:Han ideogrammic compounds#夕02; 月 originally represents a crescent moon (i.e. the moon with part “missing” to the observer). The character is thus interpreted as representing divination based on the partial phase of the moon, implying the remaining visible part of the moon is the moon's ‘outside’. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)Category:Requests for references for etymologies in Chinese entries#夕02

In oracle bone script, 外 was written identical to 卜, but they were distinguished by the fact that 卜 has a horizontal bar extending to the inside of the tortoise shell, while 外 has a horizontal bar extending to the outside. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)Category:Requests for references for etymologies in Chinese entries#夕02

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wài (wai⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#外)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ

Category:Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wai⁴ / wei⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wāi

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): wāi

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вэ (ve, III) / ви (vi, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngoi⁶
Category:Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation#夕02

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): wi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngoi⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): uai⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngoi

(Hailu, HRS): ngoi^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngoi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): vai³
Northern Min (KCR): nguōi / ngṳē
Eastern Min (BUC): nguôi / ngiê
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua⁵ / guei⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gōa / gioa / gōe / ngoǎi / goǎi

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghua⁷

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): bhua¹ / nguai⁷
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): waai⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶nga / ⁶we / ⁶wa / ⁶vae / ²wae
- (Jinhua): ⁶a; ⁶uae
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uai⁵ / ngai⁵ / uai⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wài
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wài
  - Wade–Giles: wai⁴
  - Yale: wài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: way
  - Palladius: вай (vaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wai⁴ / wei⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uai / ui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uai²¹³/, /uei²¹³/

Note: wei4 appears in some phrases.

- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: wāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uæ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: wāi
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uɛ⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вэ (ve, III) / ви (vi, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vɛ⁴⁴/, /vi⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁶
  - Yale: ngoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: wi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vi³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngoi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔi³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: uai⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uai¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngoi^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋoi³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngoi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋoɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vai³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vai⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nguōi / ngṳē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuɛ⁵⁵/, /ŋyɛ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nguôi / ngiê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui²⁴²/, /ŋiɛ²⁴²/

Note:

nguôi - literary;
ngiê - colloquial.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gua⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gua⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guei⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gōi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei²¹/

Note:

gua5 - colloquial;
guei5 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa
  - Tâi-lô: guā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goa
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gioa
  - Tâi-lô: giua
  - Sinological IPA (Longyan): /ɡiua³³⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōe
  - Tâi-lô: guē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goe
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡue³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡue²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡue⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngoǎi
  - Tâi-lô: nguǎi
  - Sinological IPA (Longyan): /ŋuãi⁵³/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#l
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goǎi
  - Tâi-lô: guǎi
  - Sinological IPA (Longyan): /ɡuai⁵³/

Note:

gōa/giua - colloquial;
gōe/ngoǎi/goǎi - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghua⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡua¹¹/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: bhua¹ / nguai⁷
  - Sinological IPA: /bua³⁵/, /ŋuai⁵⁵/

Note:

bhua1 - colloquial;
nguai7 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: waai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /βai²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁶nga
  - MiniDict: nga^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nga
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋa²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ŋa¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ŋɑ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ŋɑ²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ŋa¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ŋa¹¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ŋa¹³/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶we
  - MiniDict: we^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦue²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦue²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦuɛ¹¹³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Suzhou, Changzhou, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wa
  - MiniDict: wa^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦua¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦuɑ²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦua²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦua¹¹/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vae
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /βɛ¹³/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²wae
  - MiniDict: wae^平
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦuɛ³¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶a; ⁶uae
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ɑ¹⁴/, /uɛ¹⁴/

Note:

nga/a - colloquial;
we/wa/vae/wae/uae - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: uai⁵ / ngai⁵ / uai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u̯ai̯²¹/, /ŋai̯²¹/, /u̯ai̯⁴⁵/

Note: uai4 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 外
Mandarin	Beijing	/uai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/uai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/vai⁵³/
	Jinan	/vɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/vɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/uai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/uai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/uɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/vɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/vɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/vai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/uai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/uai¹³/
	Guiyang	/uai²¹³/
	Kunming	/uæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/uae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ue̞⁵³/ /ue⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/uæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/vɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋa²³/
	Suzhou	/ŋɑ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦue̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/va²²/
Hui	Shexian	/uɛ²²/ /ŋa²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ŋa¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/uai⁵⁵/ /uai¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/uai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋoi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋɔi²²/
	Nanning	/ŋɔi²²/
	Hong Kong	/ŋɔi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/gue²²/ /gua²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋuɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kuɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/gua³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ŋɔi³³/ /hua²³/

Middle Chinese: ngwajH

Rime
Character	外
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五會切
Baxter	ngwajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaj^H/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑi^H/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋuɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	外
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wài
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwaj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷˁa[t]-s/
English	outside
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	外
Reading #	1/1
No.	12606
Phonetic component	外
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	外
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːds/

Definitions

外Category:Chinese lemmas#夕02 Category:Chinese hanzi#夕02 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#夕02 Category:Pages with entries#外 Category:Pages with 5 entries#外

out; outside; external
Antonyms: 裡 / 里 (lǐ), 內 / 内

窗外 ― chuāng wài ― outside a windowCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

外表 ― wàibiǎo ― outward appearanceCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
beyond; above; in addition to; other than; except
此外 ― cǐwài ― in addition (to this)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

十公里外 ― shí gōnglǐ wài ― 10 km beyond (a place)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 解名盡處是孫山，賢郎更在孫山外。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Song dynasty, poet Fan Gongcheng (范公偁), 《過庭錄》
  Jièmíng jìnchù shì Sūnshān, xiánláng gèngzài Sūnshān wài. [Pinyin]
  I found my name the last of the enrolled;
  The good master went a step beyond me.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
other; foreign; alien (not of one's own family, clan, locality, school, country, etc.)
外國／外国 ― wàiguó ― foreign countryCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

外校 ― wài xiào ― other schoolsCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
foreign country
中外 ― zhōngwài ― China and foreign countries; in and outside of ChinaCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

對外貿易／对外贸易 ― duì wài màoyì ― foreign tradeCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

漢外詞典／汉外词典 ― hàn-wài cídiǎn ― Chinese dictionary in a foreign languageCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 外平不書，此何以書？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  外平不书，此何以书？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
  Wài píng bù shū, cǐ héyǐ shū? [Pinyin]
  Peace between foreign states were not recorded in the Annals. Why was this one exceptionally recorded?
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#夕02) to alienate; to other; to exclude; to distance
見外／见外 ― jiànwài ― to make me feel like an outsider (literally, “to have me excluded [from the familiar circle]”)Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 內其國而外諸夏，內諸夏而外夷狄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  内其国而外诸夏，内诸夏而外夷狄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
  Nèi qí guó ér wài Zhūxià, nèi Zhūxià ér wài Yídí. [Pinyin]
  to deem one's own state "the in" and treat the other Xias as "the other", while allying oneself with the Xias and distancing oneself from the Barbarians.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
relatives of one's mother, sister or daughter
外婆 ― wàipó ― maternal grandmotherCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

外孫／外孙 ― wàisūn ― daughter's sonCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

外祖父 ― wàizǔfù ― maternal grandfatherCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
additional
外加 ― wàijiā ― plusCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

外帶／外带 ― wàidài ― to include (something) as wellCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
unofficial
外史 ― wàishǐ ― unofficial historyCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

外號／外号 ― wàihào ― nicknameCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
(Hokkien Category:Hokkien Chinese#夕02, Teochew Category:Teochew Chinese#夕02, after an amount but before the classifier) as much as
二十外歲／二十外岁 [Hokkien] ― jī-cha̍p gōa hòe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― 20-something years oldCategory:Hokkien terms with usage examples

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 外面 (“outside”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		外面, 外邊
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Taiwan	外面, 外頭
	Chengde	外邊兒, 外頭
	Chifeng	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Heihe	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Qiqihar	外面, 外邊, 外頭, 外廂
	Harbin	外面, 外面兒, 外邊兒拉, 外邊, 外頭
	Jiamusi	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Baicheng	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Changchun	外面, 外頭
	Tonghua	外面, 外頭, 外邊
	Shenyang	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Jinzhou	外面兒, 外面, 外邊兒, 外邊, 外頭
	Malaysia	外面
	Singapore	外面
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	外邊兒, 外頭
	Tangshan	外面
	Cangzhou	外面兒, 外頭, 外邊兒
	Baoding	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Shijiazhuang	外頭
	Lijin	外面兒, 外頭
	Jinan	外頭, 外面, 外面兒, 外邊兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	外邊兒
	Dandong	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Yantai	外頭
	Yantai (Muping)	外邊兒
	Qingdao	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭兒
	Zhucheng	外頭, 外邊兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	外頭, 外邊兒, 外面兒, 外先
	Lingbao	外邊, 外頭
	Jining	外頭, 外邊兒
	Wanrong	外前
	Linfen	外些
	Shangqiu	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Yuanyang	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭兒
	Zhengzhou	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Xinyang	外邊兒, 外頭
	Baihe	外頭
	Xi'an	外面, 外邊兒, 外頭, 外首
	Baoji	外面, 外頭
	Tianshui	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Xining	外頭, 外面, 外前
	Xuzhou	外邊兒, 外邊, 外頭, 外面
	Pizhou	外邊兒
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	外邊兒
	Donghai	外邊, 外半邊
	Fuyang	外面, 外頭
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	外面, 外頭, 外邊
	Lanzhou	外面, 外邊, 外頭, 外前
	Dunhuang	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Hami	外頭
	Ürümqi	外頭, 外面
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	外頭, 外前, 外先
	Nanchong	外面, 外頭
	Dazhou	外頭
	Hanyuan	外前
	Xichang	外頭
	Zigong	外頭
	Chongqing	外面, 外頭
	Wuhan	外面, 外頭, 外邊
	Yichang	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Xiangyang	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Tianmen	外面, 外頭, 外興
	Guiyang	外頭, 外面, 外邊
	Zunyi	外面, 外頭
	Bijie	外頭
	Liping	外頭
	Zhaotong	外頭
	Dali	外首
	Kunming	外面, 外邊, 外首
	Mengzi	外首
	Guilin	外頭, 外面
	Liuzhou	外頭, 外面, 外邊
	Jishou	外頭
	Changde	外頭
	Hanzhong	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	外面
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	外頭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	外頭, 外邊
	Yangzhou	外面, 外頭
	Baoying	外頭
	Taizhou	外通
	Zhenjiang	外頭
	Lianyungang	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	外頭
	Lianshui	外頭
	Xuyi	外頭
	Nantong	外面, 外頭, 外邊
	Rugao	外頭, 外目檢
	Yancheng	外頭
	Funing	外頭
	Sihong	外得
	Anqing	外面, 外頭
	Wuhu	外面, 外頭
	Hefei	外頭, 外面
	Hong'an	外面, 外沿, 外頭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	外便, 出便, 開便, 外低, 外底, 外出, 外間, 開低, 開底, 開底便
	Hong Kong	出便, 出面, 外便, 外面, 開便
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	出便, 出茅
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	出便
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	外邊
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	出便
	Macau	出便
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	出便, 外便
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	外便
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	外底, 外便
	Foshan	出便, 外便
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	外出
	Foshan (Shunde)	出便
	Foshan (Sanshui)	出便, 外便
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	外便
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	外便
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	出便
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	出便
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	出便, 出底
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	出便
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	出便
	Taishan	出便, 外底, 外便, 外面, 外頭
	Kaiping (Chikan)	外底
	Enping (Niujiang)	二底
	Heshan (Yayao)	外底
	Dongguan	麻口, 出底, 外便, 出便, 出頭
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	出便
	Qingyuan	外邊
	Fogang	外邊
	Yingde (Hanguang)	出便
	Yangshan	外便, 出便
	Lianshan (Butian)	外邊
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	外面
	Shaoguan	出便, 外便
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	出便
	Renhua	出邊
	Lechang	出便, 外便
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	出頭, 出底
	Sihui	外便
	Guangning	荷頭
	Deqing	外出, 外便
	Huaiji	和底
	Yunfu	出便, 出低, 外便
	Xinxing	會出
	Luoding	外便, 出便
	Yunan (Pingtai)	出下底
	Yangjiang	外低
	Xinyi	出那底
	Maoming (Xinpo)	外底
	Lianjiang	出邊, 外邊, 外面
	Nanning	外底, 外面
	Wuzhou	外低
	Yulin	外底
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	外頭
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	外便
	Singapore (Guangfu)	出便
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	外便
Gan	Nanchang	外頭
	Lichuan	外家, 外頭
	Pingxiang	口前, 外前
Hakka	Meixian	外背
	Dabu (Xihe)	外背
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	外口, 外出, 外便, 出便, 面出
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	外出
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	外出
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	外出
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	外邊
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	外面
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	外面
	Boluo (Bendihua)	外邊
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	外面
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	出背, 外背, 外面
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	出背
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	外背
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	外背
	Wuhua (Changbu)	外背
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	外背
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	門口, 外面
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	外面
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	堤出
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	外面
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	外邊, 外面
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	外面
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	外背
	Wengyuan	外背
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	外頭
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	外背
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	外邊
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	外邊
	Liannan	外背
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	外背
	Jiexi	門背
	Luhe	外背
	Raoping (Xinfeng)	外背
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	外頭
	Changting	外頭, 外背
	Longyan (Yongding)	外邊
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	外背, 外頭背
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	外頭
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	外背
	Wuping	壁背
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	壁背
	Wuping (Yanqian)	出背
	Wuping (Wudong)	壁背
	Liancheng (Peitian)	外頭
	Liancheng (Juxi)	外裡
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	外頭
	Ninghua	外邊
	Yudu	外底
	Ningdu	外高
	Ruijin	內頭
	Tonggu (Sandu)	外背
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	外頭
	Dayu	外裡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	外背
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	外背
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	外背
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	外背
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	外背
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	外頭
	Hong Kong	門背, 出邊
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	外低
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	外低
	Xinyi (Sihe)	外邊
Xinyi (Qianpai)	下底
Gaozhou (Xindong)	外頭
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	老背
Huazhou (Xin'an)	那低
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	外面
Lianjiang (Qingping)	外頭
Mengshan (Xihe)	外頭
Luchuan	外頭
Luchuan (Daqiao)	外頭
Sabah (Longchuan)	門背
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	外背
Senai (Huiyang)	門背, 外背
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	外背
Singkawang	外背
Singapore (Meixian)	外背
Singapore (Dabu)	外背
Bangkok (Meixian)	外背
Bangkok (Fengshun)	外咧
Bangkok (Jiexi)	外背
Huizhou	Jixi	外頭
Huizhou	Shexian	外面, 外面頭
Jin	Taiyuan	外頭, 外面
	Yangyuan	外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Datong	外頭, 外前
	Xinzhou	外頭
	Lüliang (Lishi)	外面兒, 外頭, 外首兒
	Changzhi	外面兒, 外邊兒
	Linhe	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Jining	外頭
	Hohhot	外面, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Erenhot	外面, 外頭
	Pingshan	外面, 外邊兒, 外頭
	Zhangjiakou	外面兒, 外頭
	Handan	外面, 外邊, 外頭
	Linzhou	外頭
	Suide	外面兒, 外頭, 外前
Northern Min	Jian'ou	外前, 外邊
	Songxi	外界
	Jianyang	外邊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	外首, 外首勢, 外兜
	Fuzhou (Changle)	外首
	Fuqing	外兜
	Yongtai	外首
	Gutian	外首, 外兜
	Fu'an	外爿
	Ningde	外爿
	Shouning	外面
	Zhouning	外爿
	Fuding	外底, 外爿
Southern Min	Xiamen	外面, 外爿, 外口, 口面
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	外面, 外口
	Quanzhou	外面, 外口, 口面
	Jinjiang	外口, 口面
	Shishi	外口
	Yongchun	外面
	Zhangzhou	外面, 外口, 口面, 口仔
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	外口, 口面
	Pinghe	外口, 外面
	Zhangpu	外口
	Zhao'an	外爿, 外口, 厝外, 口爿
	Dongshan	口爿
	Taipei	外口
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	外面
	Kaohsiung	口面, 外口
	Yilan	口面, 外口
	Changhua (Lukang)	外口
	Taichung	外口, 外面, 口面
	Tainan	口面, 外口
	Hsinchu	外口, 外面
	Kinmen	外口
	Penghu (Magong)	外面
	Penang (Hokkien)	外面, 外口
	Singapore (Hokkien)	外口, 口面
	Manila (Hokkien)	外口, 外面, 口爿
	Longyan	外面, 外頭, 外裹
	Zhangping	外面
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	外面, 外爿
	Datian	從皮
	Chaozhou	外爿, 口爿
	Raoping	口爿, 外口
	Shantou	外面, 外爿, 外口, 口爿
	Shantou (Chenghai)	外爿
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	外爿, 口爿, 外口
	Jieyang	外爿, 口爿
	Haifeng	外口, 內口
	Bangkok (Teochew)	外爿
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	外口
	Singapore (Teochew)	口爿, 外口
	Leizhou	外路
	Wenchang	外
	Haikou	外面, 外
	Singapore (Hainanese)	外
Puxian Min	Putian	外向
Central Min	Yong'an	前邊
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	前邊
	Sanming (Shaxian)	屋前
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	出頭, 外頭
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	外頭
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	外頭
Shehua	Hua'an	出去
	Chaozhou	外面
	Fengshun	門背
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	門前
Wu	Shanghai	外面, 外頭, 外底頭, 外首 dated
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	外勢
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	外勢
	Shanghai (Chongming)	外面, 外頭
	Suzhou	外頭, 外面, 外勢
	Wuxi	外頭
	Changshu	外頭
	Nantong (Haimen)	外頭
	Changzhou	外頭
	Danyang	外頭
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	外頭
	Hangzhou	外頭
	Ningbo	外頭, 外向 rare
	Wenzhou	外面, 外轉
	Jinhua	外面, 外面手, 外頭
Xiang	Changsha	外頭
	Loudi	外前, 外頭
	Shuangfeng	外前, 外頭
	Hengyang	外頭
	Quanzhou	外頭

Compounds

丁外艱 / 丁外艰
不外 (bùwài)
不外乎 (bùwàihū)
不自外
中外 (zhōngwài)
之外 (zhīwài)
九霄雲外 / 九霄云外 (jiǔxiāoyúnwài)
以外 (yǐwài)
作外
例外 (lìwài)
內外 / 内外 (nèiwài)
其外 (qíwài)
出外 (chūwài)
出外景
出意外
分外 (fènwài)
劍外 / 剑外
務外 / 务外
化外 (huàwài)
口外 (kǒuwài)
另外 (lìngwài)
向外 (xiàngwài)
吐外特 (Tǔwàitè)
味外味
員外 / 员外 (yuánwài)
員外郎 / 员外郎
國外 / 国外 (guówài)
圈外人
在外 (zàiwài)
城外 (Chéngwài)
域外 (yùwài)
塞外 (sàiwài)
外三關 / 外三关 (Wàisānguān)
外丹
外丹功
外事 (wàishì)
外交 (wàijiāo)
外交團 / 外交团 (wàijiāotuán)
外交官 (wàijiāoguān)
外交部 (wàijiāobù)
外人 (wàirén)
外來 / 外来 (wàilái)
外來語 / 外来语 (wàiláiyǔ)
外來錢 / 外来钱
外侮 (wàiwǔ)
外側 / 外侧 (wàicè)
外傅
外傷 / 外伤 (wàishāng)
外債 / 外债 (wàizhài)
外傳 / 外传
外僑 / 外侨 (wàiqiáo)
外像
外光派
外公 (wàigōng)
外典
外出 (wàichū)
外出服
外出血 (wàichūxuè)
外力 (wàilì)
外加 (wàijiā)
外功 (wàigōng)
外務 / 外务 (wàiwù)
外務員 / 外务员
外動詞 / 外动词 (wàidòngcí)
外勞 / 外劳 (wàiláo)
外勤 (wàiqín)
外包 (wàibāo)
外匯 / 外汇 (wàihuì)
外卡 (wàikǎ)
外口 (gōa-kháu) (Min Nan)
外史 (wàishǐ)
外向 (wàixiàng)
外名
外呈答
外呼吸
外商 (wàishāng)
外四路
外國 / 外国 (wàiguó)
外國人 / 外国人 (wàiguórén)
外國貨 / 外国货 (wàiguóhuò)
外圍 / 外围 (wàiwéi)
外在 (wàizài)
外地 (wàidì)
外在美 (wàizàiměi)
外城 (wàichéng)
外型 (wàixíng)
外埔 (Wàipǔ)
外埠 (wàibù)
外場 / 外场 (wàichǎng)
外場人 / 外场人
外外
外太空 (wàitàikōng)
外套 (wàitào)
外姓 (wàixìng)
外婆 (wàipó)
外婦 / 外妇
外子 (wàizǐ)
外孫 / 外孙 (wàisūn)
外孫女 / 外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
外宅
外官
外客
外家 (wàijiā)
外宿
外寇 (wàikòu)
外層 / 外层 (wàicéng)
外帶 / 外带 (wàidài)
外幣 / 外币 (wàibì)
外延 (wàiyán)
外引
外弟
外形 (wàixíng)
外後日 / 外后日
外心 (wàixīn)
外快 (wàikuài)
外快子
外患 (wàihuàn)
外感
外戚 (wàiqī)
外戶 / 外户
外才
外手
外找
外技
外掛 / 外挂 (wàiguà)
外接圓 / 外接圆 (wàijiēyuán)
外援 (wàiyuán)
外揚 / 外扬 (wàiyáng)
外放 (wàifàng)
外教 (wàijiào)
外敷
外敵 / 外敌 (wàidí)
外文 (wàiwén)
外方 (wàifāng)
外族 (wàizú)
外日
外星人 (wàixīngrén)
外景 (wàijǐng)
外末
外果皮 (wàiguǒpí)
外標 / 外标
外欠
外此
外殼 / 外壳 (wàiké)
外母 (wàimǔ)
外毒素 (wàidúsù)
外氏
外水 (wàishuǐ)
外江 (wàijiāng)
外泄 (wàixiè)
外流 (wàiliú)
外洋 (wàiyáng)
外洩 / 外泄 (wàixiè)
外流區 / 外流区
外流河
外海 (wàihǎi)
外淨 / 外净
外港 (wàigǎng)
外焰
外煙 / 外烟
外燃機 / 外燃机
外父 (wàifù)
外王內帝 / 外王内帝 (wàiwángnèidì)
外生
外甥 (wàishēng)
外甥女
外用 (wàiyòng)
外用藥 / 外用药 (wàiyòng yào)
外界 (wàijiè)
外痔 (wàizhì)
外相 (wàixiàng)
外省 (wàishěng)
外磕腳 / 外磕脚 (Wàikējiǎo)
外祖母 (wàizǔmǔ)
外祖父 (wàizǔfù)
外科 (wàikē)
外秧兒 / 外秧儿
外稃 (wàifū)
外篇
外籍 (wàijí)
外緣 / 外缘 (wàiyuán)
外線 / 外线 (wàixiàn)
外縣 / 外县
外罩 (wàizhào)
外耳 (wài'ěr)
外耳道 (wài'ěrdào)
外聽道 / 外听道
外胎 (wàitāi)
外胚層 / 外胚层 (wàipēicéng)
外膜
外舅
外舍
外艱 / 外艰
外蒙 (Wàiměng)
外蒙古
外藩
外號 / 外号 (wàihào)
外行 (wàiháng)
外行人 (wàihángrén)
外行星 (wàixíngxīng)
外行話 / 外行话
外衣 (wàiyī)
外表 (wàibiǎo)
外褂
外親 / 外亲
外觀 / 外观 (wàiguān)
外角 (wàijiǎo)
外角球
外話 / 外话
外語 / 外语 (wàiyǔ)
外調 / 外调 (wàidiào)
外貌 (wàimào)
外財 / 外财 (wàicái)
外貨 / 外货 (wàihuò)
外貿 / 外贸 (wàimào)
外資 / 外资 (wàizī)
外賓 / 外宾 (wàibīn)
外賣 / 外卖 (wàimài)
外路
外路人
外遇 (wàiyù)
外道
外道兒 / 外道儿
外道話 / 外道话
外邊 / 外边 (wàibiān)
外郎
外部 (wàibù)
外鄉 / 外乡 (wàixiāng)
外野 (wàiyě)
外野手 (wàiyěshǒu)
外鈔 / 外钞
外銷 / 外销 (wàixiāo)
外錯角 / 外错角
外長城 / 外长城
外間 / 外间 (wàijiān)
外附
外集
外電 / 外电 (wàidiàn)
外電路 / 外电路
外面
外面情
外項 / 外项
外頭 / 外头 (wàitou)
外館 / 外馆
天外
婚外 (hūnwài)
媚外 (mèiwài)
室外 (shìwài)
局外
局外人 (júwàirén)
屋外
山外
崇外
度外
庭外 (tíngwài)
徼外
心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
意外 (yìwài)
意外險 / 意外险
戶外 / 户外 (hùwài)
打外
打野外
拍外景
排外 (páiwài)
援外 (yuánwài)
攘外安內 / 攘外安内 (rángwài'ānnèi)
方外
方外人
望外
格外 (géwài)
此外 (cǐwài)
法外 (fǎwài)
治外
流外
海外 (hǎiwài)
涉外 (shèwài)
海外版
濱外 / 滨外
牆外漢 / 墙外汉
物外
界外
界外球 (jièwàiqiú)
窗外 (chuāngwài)
紅外線 / 红外线 (hóngwàixiàn)
紫外線 / 紫外线 (zǐwàixiàn)
美國本土外小島嶼 / 美国本土外小岛屿 (Měiguó Běntǔ Wài Xiǎodǎoyǔ)
老外 (lǎowài)
而外 (érwài)
膜外
自外
荒外
號外 / 号外 (hàowài)
裡外 / 里外 (lǐwài)
裡外裡 / 里外里 (lǐwàilǐ)
見外 / 见外 (jiànwài)
言外 (yánwài)
課外 / 课外 (kèwài)
象外
賺外快 / 赚外快
郊外 (jiāowài)
野外 (yěwài)
門外 / 门外 (ménwài)
門外漢 / 门外汉 (ménwàihàn)
開外 / 开外 (kāiwài)
關外 / 关外 (guānwài)
除外 (chúwài)
䫄外
額外 / 额外 (éwài)
題外話 / 题外话 (tíwàihuà)
餘外 / 余外
騖外 / 骛外

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (外):

→ Japanese: 外(げ) (ge); 外(がい) (gai)
→ Korean: 외(外) (oe)
→ Vietnamese: ngoại (外Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#外)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: ngoài (“outside”)
→ Old Turkic: termCategory:Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts#外
- → Turkmen: öweý

References

“外”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#外 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#外 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#外 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Category:Beginning Mandarin#夕02

Japanese

Kanji

外

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#夕02 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#夕02 Category:Japanese second grade kanji#夕02 Category:Japanese kyōiku kanji#夕02 Category:Japanese jōyō kanji#夕02

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
外
そと Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as そと#そと Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#そと Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#そと

Appears from roughly the Muromachi period,^[1] superseding earlier to reading (see below). Likely a compound of either 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) +‎ 外 (to, “outside”)Category:Japanese compound terms#そと Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#そと, or 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) +‎ 所 (to, “place”)Category:Japanese compound terms#そと Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#そと.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そと [sóꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[3]
IPA^(key): [so̞to̞]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#そと

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#そと Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#そと

Noun

(the) outside
箱(はこ)の外(そと)
hako no soto
outside of the box
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#そと Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#そと

外(そと)は雨(あめ)
soto wa ame
it is raining outside
Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#そと Category:Japanese terms with usage examples#そと

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
外
ほか Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as ほか#ほか Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#ほか Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#ほか

For pronunciation and definitions of 外 – see the following entry.

【他ほか】3

Category:Japanese nouns#ほか Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#ほか Category:Japanese lemmas#ほか Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#ほか Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#ほか Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外#ほか Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#ほか

[noun] another, other, some other, the rest

(This term, 外, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#そと Category:Pages with entries#外 Category:Pages with 5 entries#外

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
外
よそ Grade: 2
irregular

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外#よそ Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#よそ Category:Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings#よそ

For pronunciation and definitions of 外 – see the following entry.

【余所よそ】

[noun] another place; somewhere else; elsewhere

[noun] a place outside one's family or group

[noun] an unrelated person, place, or thing

Alternative spelling
他所

(This term, 外, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#そと Category:Pages with entries#外 Category:Pages with 5 entries#外

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
外
と Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as と#と Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#と Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#と

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#そと

Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent#そと

Noun

外(と) • (toCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#外 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#外) Category:Japanese lemmas#と Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#と Category:Japanese nouns#と Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings#と Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#と Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#と Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外#と Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#と Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#と Category:Pages with entries#外 Category:Pages with 5 entries#外

(the) outside
toilet

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
外
がい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as がい#かい'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#かい'Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#かい'

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#がい Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#がい外 (MC ngwajH).

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
外
げ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as げ#け'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#け'Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#け'

From Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#け'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#け' 外 (MC ngwajH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) げ [géꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡe̞]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#そと

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#そと Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#そと

Noun

(Buddhism Category:ja:Buddhism#け'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#け') non-Buddhist teachings or texts
(in compounds) external

Derived terms

外(げ)科(か) (geka): surgery (as a field of medicine)
外(げ)道(どう) (gedō): any non-Buddhist religion
外(げ)法(ほう) (gehō): any non-Buddhist religion; any non-Buddhist teaching

Usage notes

The printed form of this character often differs from its handwritten form; in the handwritten form, the last stroke often does not pass through, as in the printed Chinese form.

References

1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#外 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#外 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“外”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#외 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#외 外 (MC ngwajH).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅌᅬᆼ〮 (Yale: ngwóy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	밧Category:Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks#外 (Yale: pàs)	외〯 (Yale: wǒy)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [we̞(ː)] ~ [ø̞(ː)]Category:Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable#外 Category:Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable#外
Phonetic hangul: [웨(ː)/외(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

外

外 (eumhun 바깥 외 (bakkat oe))Category:Korean lemmas#외 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#외 Category:Korean hanja#외 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#외 Category:Pages with entries#外 Category:Pages with 5 entries#外

hanja form^? of 외 (“outside; surface”)Category:Korean hanja forms#外 [affix]

Compounds

실외 (室外, siroe)
야외 (野外, yaoe)
외교 (外交, oegyo)
외국 (外國, oeguk)
외력 (外力, oeryeok)
외면 (外面, oemyeon)
해외 (海外, hae'oe)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

外: Hán Việt readings: ngoại^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán#夕02 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
外: Nôm readings: ngoái^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8], ngoài^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8], ngoải^[4]^[6]^[8], ngòi^[1]^[2], ngồi^[1]^[2], ngoáy^[1]^[8], quay^[1], nguậy^[3]Category:Vietnamese Nom#夕02 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

chữ Hán form of ngoạiCategory:Vietnamese Chữ Hán
1. (usually in compounds) foreign
2. related to the mother's side of the family
chữ Nôm form of ngoái (“to turn (one's head) round”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of ngoài (“outside”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of ngòi (“(archaic Category:Vietnamese terms with archaic senses#夕02 or literary Category:Vietnamese literary terms#夕02) canal”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of ngồi (“to sit”)Category:Vietnamese Nom
chữ Nôm form of quay (“to turn; to revolve; to swivel”)Category:Vietnamese Nom

Compounds

外國 (ngoại quốc)

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nguyễn (2014).
1 2 3 4 5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
1 2 3 4 Hồ (1976).
↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
1 2 3 4 Bonet (1899).
1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).
1 2 3 4 5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[DJR-1] 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#外 Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#外 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[tdcndg-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-5] 1 2 3 4 5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-6] 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).

[btcn-7] 1 2 3 4 Hồ (1976).

[tchvtd-8] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[bonet-9] 1 2 3 4 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-10] 1 2 3 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-11] 1 2 3 4 5 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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Wikimore

外

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Usage notes

References

Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

References