Wikimore

See also: 錬, 煉, and 練

鍊	U+934A, 鍊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-934A

← 鍉
[U+9349]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000037706

鍋 →
[U+934B]

Category:Han script characters#%20

鍊	U+F99B, 鍊 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99B

← 連
[U+F99A]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Category:CJK Compatibility Ideographs block#*0000063899

列 →
[U+F99C]

Category:Unspecified script characters#%20

Translingual

Traditional	鍊Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant manual script codes#鍊
Shinjitai	錬Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#鍊
Simplified	炼Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#鍊

Category:CJKV characters simplified differently in Japan and China#鍊0

Han character

鍊Category:Translingual lemmas#金09鍊 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#金09鍊 Category:Translingual symbols#金09鍊 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#金09鍊 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#金09鍊 Category:Pages with entries#鍊 Category:Pages with 5 entries#鍊 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 金木田火 (CDWF), four-corner 8519₆, composition ⿰釒柬)Category:Han script characters#金09鍊

Derived characters

𡄮Category:Translingual links with redundant wikilinks#鍊 Category:Translingual links with redundant alt parameters#鍊

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40602
Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4228, character 14
Unihan data for U+934A

Unihan data for U+F99B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鍊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·reːns)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#金09: semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#鍊.

Etymology 1

trad.		鍊
simp.		炼^*
nonstandard simp.		𫔀
alternative forms		煉／炼 especially for figurative meanings 錬𮸀 another nonstandard simplified character

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liàn (lian⁴Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#鍊)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lien

(Hailu, HRS): lien^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): liên⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): liêng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): loeng⁵ / lyoeng⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liān

(Teochew, Peng'im): liêng⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liàn
  - Wade–Giles: lien⁴
  - Yale: lyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
  - Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lin⁶
  - Yale: lihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lien
  - Hakka Romanization System: lien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯en⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: lien^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /lien³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liên⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /liɛn⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iɛŋ²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: loeng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lē̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lyoeng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyøŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liān
  - Tâi-lô: liān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lien
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɛn²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /liɛn⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɛn³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liêng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lieŋ¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: lenH

Rime
Character	鍊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎甸切
Baxter	lenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len^H/
Pan Wuyun	/len^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn^H/
Li Rong	/len^H/
Wang Li	/lien^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤen-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鍊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàn
Middle Chinese	‹ len^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁen-s/
English	refine (metal)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鍊
Reading #	1/1
No.	6142
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	練
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·reːns/

Category:Requests for attention concerning Teochew#金09

Definitions

鍊Category:Chinese lemmas#金09 Category:Chinese hanzi#金09 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#金09 Category:Pages with entries#鍊 Category:Pages with 5 entries#鍊

to smelt; to refine
(figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording)
(figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate
a surnameCategory:Chinese surnames#金09

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 鍊Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#鍊 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#鍊 – see 鏈 (“chain; wire; cable; chain; shack; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 鏈).

Korean

Hanja

鍊 (eumhun 불릴 련 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 연 (bullil yeon))Category:Korean lemmas#련 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#련 Category:Korean hanja#련 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#련 Category:Pages with entries#鍊 Category:Pages with 5 entries#鍊

hanja form^? of 련/연 (“smelt metals, forge”)Category:Korean hanja forms#鍊
hanja form^? of 련/연 (“refine”)Category:Korean hanja forms#鍊

Compounds

단련 (鍛鍊, dallyeon)
훈련 (訓鍊, hullyeon)

Vietnamese

Han character

鍊: Hán Nôm readings: luyệnCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#鍊 Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#鍊, rènCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#鍊 Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#鍊, rénCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#鍊 Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#鍊 Category:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings#金09 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries#金09 Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant sortkeys#金09

Category:Vietnamese Han tu#金09

Shinjitai	錬Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#鍊
Kyūjitai	鍊Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#鍊

Wikimore

鍊

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 2

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character