Wikimore

Historical forms of the character 乎
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j11586 j11587 j11588 j11589 j11590 j11591 j11592 j11593 j11594 j11595 j11596 j11597 j11598 j11599 j11600 j11601 j11602 j11603 j11604 j11605 j11606 j11607 j11608 j11609 j11610 j11611 j11612 j11613 j11614 j11615 j11616 j11617 j11618 j11619 j11620 j11621 j11622 j11623 j11624 j11625 j11626 j11627 j11628 j11629 j11630 j11631 j11632 j11633 j11634 j11635 j11636 j11637 j11638 j11639 j11640 j11641 j11642 j11643 j11644 j11645 j11646 j11647 j11648 j11649 j11650 j11651 j11652 j11653 j11654 j11655 j11656 j11657 j11658 j11659 j11660 j11661 j11662 j11663 j11664 j11665 j11666 j11667 j11668 j11669 j11670 j11671 j11672 j11673 j11674 j11675 j11676 j11677 j11678 j11679 j11680 j11681 j11682 j11683 j11684 j11685 j11686 j11687 j11688 j11689 j11690 j11691 j11692 Bronze inscriptions b07119 b07120 b07121 b07122 b07123 b07124 b07125 b07126 b07127 b07128 b07129 b07130 b07131 b07132 b07133 b07134 b07135 b07136 b07137 b07138 b07139 b07140 b07141 b07142 b07143 b07144 b07145 b07146 b07147 b07148 b07149 b07150 b07151 b07152 b07153 b07154 b07155 b07156 b07157 b07158 b07159 b07160 Small seal script s03512 Transcribed ancient scripts L03355 L03356 L03357
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
罅	*qʰraːs
呼	*qʰaː
軤	*qʰaː
苸	*qʰaː
嘑	*qʰaː
歑	*qʰaː
謼	qʰaː, qʰaːs
滹	*qʰaː
乎	*ɢaː
虖	qʰaː, qʰʷa, qʰaː, qʰʷa
嫭	*ɢaːs

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意)Category:Han ideogrammic compounds#丿04 and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢaː)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#丿04: semantic [Term?] (“wind; air”)Category:Chinese term requests#乎 + phonetic 丂 (OC *kʰluːʔ, “branch”)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#乎 – original form of 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to call; to cry”). Compare 兮 (OC *ɢeː). Category:Requests for attention concerning Chinese#丿04

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		乎
alternative forms		𠂞𠂠

in; at; on: Attrited or unstressed form of 於 (OC *qa) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Category:Requests for expansion of etymologies in Chinese entries#丿04

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hū, hú (hu¹Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#乎, hu²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#乎)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨ, ㄏㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hu² / fu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fu⁴ / wu⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fu³
Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fû / fù

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu²
Jin (Wiktionary): hu¹
Northern Min (KCR): hú
Eastern Min (BUC): hŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ho͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu¹ / hu⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hū
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hu
  - Wade–Giles: hu¹
  - Yale: hū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, rare literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hú
  - Wade–Giles: hu²
  - Yale: hú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/Category:Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations#hū
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: hu² / fu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xu / fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²¹/, /fu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fu⁴ / wu⁴
  - Yale: fùh / wùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁴ / wu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁴ / wu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²¹/, /wuː²¹/

Note: wu4 - rare.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû / fù
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˊ / fu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu¹ / fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/, /fu¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hu¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho͘
  - Tâi-lô: hoo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hof
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hɔ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu¹ / hu⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu / hū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/, /hu¹¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 乎
Mandarin	Beijing	/xu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/xu⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/xu²¹/
	Jinan	/xu⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xu²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/xu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xu²¹/
	Xining	/xv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/xu³¹/
	Ürümqi	/xu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/xu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/xu³¹/ /fu³¹/
	Guiyang	/fu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/xu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/xu³¹/
	Hefei	/xu²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xu¹³/
	Hohhot	/xu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/hu⁵³/ /ɦu²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦəu¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦu²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vu³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xu³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/xu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɸu³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/fu⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fu¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fu²¹/
	Nanning	/fu⁵⁵/ /wu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/fu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hɔ³⁵/ /hɔ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xu⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hu³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hu²³/

Middle Chinese: hu

Rime
Character	乎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Baxter	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乎	乎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hū	hū
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢˁa/	/*ɢˁa/
English	(Q particle)	in, at
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乎
Reading #	1/1
No.	5189
Phonetic component	乎
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɢaː/

Definitions

乎Category:Chinese lemmas#丿04 Category:Chinese hanzi#丿04 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#丿04 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

in; at; on
Synonym: 於 / 于
- 故沛然德教溢乎四海。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Gù pèirán déjiào yì hū sìhǎi. [Pinyin]
  When this is the case, such an one's virtue and teachings will spread over all within the four seas like the rush of water.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 今子有五石之瓠，何不慮以為大樽而浮乎江湖，而憂其瓠落無所容？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今子有五石之瓠，何不虑以为大樽而浮乎江湖，而忧其瓠落无所容？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Jīn zǐ yǒu wǔ dàn zhī hù, hé bù lǜ yǐwèi dà zūn ér fú hū jiānghú, ér yōu qí hùluò wú suǒ róng? [Pinyin]
  Sir, had calabashes large enough to hold five piculs; why did you not think of making large bottle-gourds of them, by means of which you could have floated over rivers and lakes, instead of giving yourself the sorrow of finding that they were useless for holding anything.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(indicates the object of an action) with; on
Synonym: 於 / 于
- 菲飲食，而致孝乎鬼神。 [MSC, trad.]
  菲饮食，而致孝乎鬼神。 [MSC, simp.]
  Fěi yǐnshí, ér zhì xiào hū guǐshén. [Pinyin]
  He used himself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial piety towards the spirits.
  Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 齧缺問乎王倪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  啮缺问乎王倪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Niè Quē wèn hū Wáng Ní. [Pinyin]
  Nie Que asked Wang Ni.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(indicates comparison) than
Synonym: 於 / 于
- 福輕乎羽，莫之知載；禍重乎地，莫之知避。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  福轻乎羽，莫之知载；祸重乎地，莫之知避。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Fú qīng hū yǔ, mò zhī zhī zǎi; huò zhòng hū dì, mò zhī zhī bì. [Pinyin]
  Happiness is lighter than a feather, but no one knows how to support it; calamity is heavier than the earth, and yet no one knows how to avoid it.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#丿04) A suffix placed after adjectives and adverbs to express praise or amazement.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#丿04) Sentence-final interrogative particle. Category:Requests for attention concerning Chinese#丿04
- 有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǒu péng zì yuǎnfāng lái, bù yì lè hū? [Pinyin]
  Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#丿04) Sentence-final exclamatory particle.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#丿04) Sentence-final imperative particle.
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#丿04) Sentence-final speculative particle.

Compounds

不亦樂乎 / 不亦乐乎 (bùyìlèhū)
不在乎 (bùzàihu)
不外乎 (bùwàihū)
之乎者也 (zhīhūzhěyě)
二乎
云乎
似乎 (sìhū)
傻乎乎 (shǎhūhū)
出乎尋常 / 出乎寻常
出乎意外
出乎意料 (chūhūyìliào)
呀呀乎
嗟乎 (jiēhū)
在乎 (zàihū)
套近乎 (tàojìnhū)
幾乎 / 几乎 (jīhū)
微乎其微 (wēihūqíwēi)
情見乎言 / 情见乎言
情見乎辭 / 情见乎辞
應乎人心 / 应乎人心
扎乎
拉近乎
攻乎異端 / 攻乎异端
斷乎 / 断乎 (duànhū)
斷乎不可 / 断乎不可
於乎 / 于乎 (wūhū)
於是乎 / 于是乎 (yúshìhū)
毫不在乎
況乎 / 况乎 (kuànghū)
渙乎 / 涣乎
溜之乎也
滿不在乎 / 满不在乎 (mǎnbùzàihu)
猶之乎 / 犹之乎
異乎尋常 / 异乎寻常 (yìhūxúncháng)
瞠乎其後 / 瞠乎其后 (chēnghūqíhòu)
瞠乎後矣 / 瞠乎后矣
確乎 / 确乎
神乎其技 (shénhūqíjì)
神乎其神
胖乎乎 (pànghūhū)
臭乎乎
超乎 (chāohū)
辣乎乎
近乎
迥乎不同 (jiǒnghūbùtóng)
關乎 / 关乎 (guānhū)
難乎為繼 / 难乎为继 (nánhūwéijì)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ho
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/

Category:Chinese lemmas#丿04 Category:Hokkien lemmas#丿04 Category:Chinese hanzi#丿04 Category:Hokkien hanzi#丿04 Category:Chinese verbs#丿04 Category:Hokkien verbs#丿04 Category:Chinese prepositions#丿04 Category:Hokkien prepositions#丿04 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#丿04 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 乎#丿04

Definitions

乎Category:Chinese lemmas#丿04 Category:Chinese hanzi#丿04 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#丿04 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

alternative form of 予 (“hō͘”)
- 2015, “今生的願望”‎performed by 曹雅雯 and 許富凱:
  
  嫁乎你是阮今生的願望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  嫁乎你是阮今生的愿望。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  Kè hō͘ lí sī gún kim-seng ê goān-bāng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Getting married to you is my wish in this life.
  Category:Hokkien terms with quotations
- 2017, “心‧離開”‎performed by 蔡佳麟:
  
  看你為伊咧傷心，乎我心內像針揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  看你为伊咧伤心，乎我心内像针揻。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  Khòaⁿ lí ūi i teh siong-sim, hō͘ góa sim-lāi chhiūⁿ chiam ui. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  Seeing you grieve over him makes my heart feel like it is poked with a needle.
  Category:Hokkien terms with quotations

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		乎
alternative forms		齁嘑／呼否

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hohⁿ / hôⁿ / hô͘ / hoⁿ / hōⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hohⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: honnh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoq
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ̃ʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hônn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoo
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - Sinological IPA (Philippines): /hɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: honn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvof
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hōnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvo
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃²²/

Note: hōⁿ - “expressing doubt with a question”.

Category:Chinese lemmas#丿04 Category:Hokkien lemmas#丿04 Category:Chinese hanzi#丿04 Category:Hokkien hanzi#丿04 Category:Chinese particles#丿04 Category:Hokkien particles#丿04 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#丿04 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 乎#丿04

Definitions

乎Category:Chinese lemmas#丿04 Category:Chinese hanzi#丿04 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#丿04 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

(Hokkien Category:Hokkien Chinese#丿04) Sentence-final particle expressing doubt with a question, especially to ask for confirmation: right?
街路車真濟，乎？ [Hokkien, trad.]
街路车真济，乎？ [Hokkien, simp.]
Koe-lō͘ chhia chin chòe, hohⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
There's so many cars on the road, right?
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples

你今仔日欲出去𨑨迌乎？ [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
Lí kin-á-li̍t beh chhut-khì chhit-thô hohⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
You're going out today to play, right?
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples
(Mainland China Category:Mainland China Chinese#丿04 and Philippine Hokkien Category:Philippine Hokkien#丿04) Particle in the middle of a sentence to express a pause in speaking with slight emphasis on the preceding word: right
我乎，欲寄你買一本冊。 [Hokkien, trad.]
我乎，欲寄你买一本册。 [Hokkien, simp.]
Góa hohⁿ, beh kià lí bóe chi̍t pún chheh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
I, right, want to send you to buy a book.
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples

𪜶囝乎，欲做公司的經理囉。 [Hokkien, trad.]
𪜶囝乎，欲做公司的经理啰。 [Hokkien, simp.]
In kiáⁿ hohⁿ, beh chòe kong-si ê keng-lí lo͘h. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Their son, right, is gonna be a company manager.
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples
(Taiwanese Hokkien Category:Taiwanese Hokkien#丿04) Sentence-final particle expressing a question to tease or ridicule someone
花是你送的乎？免歹勢啦！ [Hokkien, trad.]
花是你送的乎？免歹势啦！ [Hokkien, simp.]
Hoe sī lí sàng ê hohⁿ? Bián pháiⁿ-sè là! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
You gave the flowers, didn't you? Don't be embarrassed!
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples
(Taiwanese Hokkien Category:Taiwanese Hokkien#丿04) modal particle expressing understanding, comprehension, realization: oh!
乎，原來是按呢喔！ [Hokkien, trad.]
乎，原来是按呢喔！ [Hokkien, simp.]
Hohⁿ, goân-lâi sī án-ni o͘h! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Oh! So that's how it is.
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples
(Zhangzhou Hokkien Category:Zhangzhou Hokkien#丿04) Sentence-final particle to indicate an imperative sentence
你逐個月著寄批來乎。 [Hokkien, trad.]
你逐个月着寄批来乎。 [Hokkien, simp.]
Lí ta̍k kò goe̍h tio̍h kià phe lâi hohⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
You send a letter every month, okay?
Category:Hokkien terms with usage examples

Descendants

→ English: hor (Singlish)Category:English links with manual fragments#乎

Japanese

Kanji

乎

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Category:Japanese kanji#丿04 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#丿04 Category:Japanese jinmeiyō kanji#丿04

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Japanese entries#丿04 Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#丿04

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
乎
か Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 乎 read as か#か Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#か Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#か

For pronunciation and definitions of 乎 – see the following entry.

【か】

[particle] (final)

[particle] (interrogative) marks a statement as a question

[particle] (with verbs in volitional) used to make suggestions: shall we … ?; could we … ?

[particle] (with ない (-nai)) used to issue commands: would you … !; will you … !

[particle] (adverbial)

[particle] marks indefiniteness: some

[particle] marks doubt or supposition: perhaps, maybe, whether ... or not

[particle] (parallel-marking)

[particle] marks a disjunction: or

[prefix] (emphatic, before an adjective, no longer productive) very

[suffix] forms 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”) from stems, indicating the state or feeling of an object

Alternative spellings
歟, カ, ヵ

(This term, 乎, is an alternative spelling (literary Category:Japanese literary terms#か, obsolete Category:Japanese terms with obsolete senses#か) of the above term.)

Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#か Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

References

“^▲乎”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

乎 (eumhun 어조사 호 (eojosa ho))Category:Korean lemmas#호 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#호 Category:Korean hanja#호 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#호 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Korean entries#丿04 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#丿04

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乎

Old Korean

Etymology 1

From the Middle Chinese reading 乎 (MC hu).

Phonogram

乎 (*-wo or *-hwo)Category:Old Korean phonograms#乎 Category:Old Korean entries with incorrect language header#乎 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

A syllabic phonogram denoting either final syllable *-wo or *-hwo

Etymology 2

Suffix

乎 (*-wo)Category:Old Korean lemmas#乎 Category:Old Korean suffixes#乎 Category:Old Korean entries with incorrect language header#乎 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

A very common verbal suffix, sometimes called the "modulator" in English, whose meaning is disputed. See the Middle Korean entry 오 (-wo)Category:Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#乎 for more.

Descendants

Middle Korean: 오 (-wo, yang-vowel modulator suffix)Category:Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#乎

Etymology 3

Suffix

乎 (*-wo)Category:Old Korean lemmas#乎 Category:Old Korean suffixes#乎 Category:Old Korean entries with incorrect language header#乎 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

An adverb-deriving suffix.

Descendants

Middle Korean: 오 (-wo, yang-vowel adverb-deriving suffix)Category:Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#乎

Etymology 4

Verb

乎 (*h(oy)-wo)Category:Old Korean non-lemma forms#乎 Category:Old Korean verb forms#乎 Category:Old Korean entries with incorrect language header#乎 Category:Pages with entries#乎 Category:Pages with 6 entries#乎

Form with modulator suffix of 爲 (*ho(y)-, “to do”)

References

황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009), 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 393—396

Vietnamese

Han character

乎: Hán Việt readings: hồ, hôCategory:Vietnamese Chữ Hán#丿04 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
乎: Nôm readings: hồCategory:Vietnamese Nom#丿04 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

(Literary Chinese) sentence final particle expressing a question.