Wikimore

Translingual

Japanese	勇
Simplified	勇
Traditional	勇

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese and Korean, the character is written 龴+田+力, as found in the Kangxi dictionary. In traditional Chinese (Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Vietnamese script, the character is written 龴+用+力. In modern simplified Chinese, the character is written similar to the traditional Chinese form but the lower right hook of 用 is missing.

Han character

勇Category:Translingual lemmas#力07勇 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#力07勇 Category:Translingual symbols#力07勇 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#力07勇 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#力07勇 Category:Pages with entries#勇 Category:Pages with 5 entries#勇 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 弓月大尸 (NBKS), four-corner 1742₇, composition ⿱甬力(GHTV) or ⿱龴男(JK))Category:Han char with multiple ids Category:Han script characters#力07勇

Derived characters

㗈, 愑, 湧, 踴, 䞻

Additional Derived Characters

𠋀, 𱗚, 𱜀, 𢰭, 𨺳, 𪰵, 𪳆, 𭮛, 𬍺, 𧍛, 𫍃, 𮢛(𲈑), 𠁜, 𩜳, 𢧙, 𩔘, 𤸝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2360
Dae Jaweon: page 332, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 372, character 7
Unihan data for U+52C7

Unihan data for U+FA76

Unihan data for U+2F825

Chinese

trad.		勇
simp. ^#		勇
alternative forms		勈恿㦷𢦨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	l̥ʰoːŋ, loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	l̥ʰoːŋʔ, l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	l̥ʰoŋ, loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	ɦljoŋ, loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *loŋʔ)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#力07: phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – brave and strong.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yǒng (yong³Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#勇)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yong³

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): yòng

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yǒn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): iung³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yúng

(Hailu, HRS): rhung^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): yung³
Jin (Wiktionary): yng²
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng³ / yoeng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ióng

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ion
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): iong³

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): in³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
  - Wade–Giles: yung³
  - Yale: yǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yong³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: yng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: yòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: yǒn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): yon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jung⁵
  - Yale: yúhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yuung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵŋ²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: iung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iuŋ²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhung^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yung³
  - Sinological IPA: /iʊŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: yng²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /yŋ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ê̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /œŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
  - Tâi-lô: ióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iong²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ion
  - MiniDict: ion^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: iong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /i̯ʊŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /in⁴¹/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: in³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 勇
Mandarin	Beijing	/yŋ²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/yŋ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʐuŋ¹³/ /yŋ¹³/
	Jinan	/yŋ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iŋ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/yuŋ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/yŋ⁵³/
	Xining	/yə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/yŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ỹn⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/yŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ioŋ⁴²/
	Chengdu	/yoŋ⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ioŋ⁴²/
	Kunming	/ioŋ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ioŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/iŋ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/yəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/yŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ioŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ioŋ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔioŋ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠yɔ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/yʌ̃³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/in³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ioŋ⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/in⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/iuŋ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/iuŋ³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒuŋ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/joŋ²³/
	Nanning	/juŋ²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/juŋ¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/iɔŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/yŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/œyŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ioŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/zoŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: yowngX

Rime
Character	勇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余隴切
Baxter	yowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ioŋ^X/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*loŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋʔ/
English	brave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勇
Reading #	1/1
No.	15449
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	勇
Old Chinese	/*loŋʔ/

Definitions

勇Category:Chinese lemmas#力07 Category:Chinese hanzi#力07 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#力07 Category:Pages with entries#勇 Category:Pages with 5 entries#勇

brave; courageous; valiant
勇敢 ― yǒnggǎn ― braveCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 民勇於公戰，怯於私鬥，鄉邑大治。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  民勇于公战，怯于私斗，乡邑大治。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Mín yǒng yú gōngzhàn, qiè yú sīdòu, xiāng yì dàzhì. [Pinyin]
  The people were brave in the state's military campaigns, and fearful in private disputes; the villages and the towns were both governed well.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#力07) courage; bravery; valor
- 見義不為，無勇也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  见义不为，无勇也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jiàn yì bù wéi, wú yǒng yě. [Pinyin]
  To see what is right, and not to do it, is want of courage.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 勇，志之所以敢也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE
  Yǒng, zhì zhī suǒyǐ gǎn yě. [Pinyin]
  Courage is that by which intent is daring.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese Category:Chinese terms with obsolete senses#力07) soldier
(Hokkien Category:Hokkien Chinese#力07) strong
(Hokkien Category:Hokkien Chinese#力07) healthy
(Hokkien Category:Hokkien Chinese#力07) sturdy; durable
a surnameCategory:Chinese surnames#力07

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (勇):

→ Japanese: 勇(ゆう) (yū)
→ Korean: 용(勇) (yong)
→ Vietnamese: dũng (勇Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#勇)

Compounds

一勇之夫
兵勇 (bīngyǒng)
兵強將勇 / 兵强将勇
兵精將勇 / 兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
剛勇 / 刚勇
勇健 (yǒngjiàn)
勇冠三軍 / 勇冠三军
勇决
勇力 (yǒnglì)
勇動多怨 / 勇动多怨
勇士 (yǒngshì)
勇壮 (yǒngzhuàng)
勇夫 (yǒngfū)
勇夫悍卒
勇將 / 勇将
勇建
勇往直前 (yǒngwǎngzhíqián)
勇悍 (yǒnghàn)
勇敢 (yǒnggǎn)
勇於 / 勇于 (yǒngyú)
勇武 (yǒngwǔ)
勇毅 (yǒngyì)
勇氣 / 勇气 (yǒngqì)
勇氣百倍 / 勇气百倍 (yǒngqì bǎibèi)
勇決 / 勇决
勇烈 (yǒngliè)
勇猛 (yǒngměng)
勇猛果敢
勇猛求進 / 勇猛求进
勇猛直前
勇猛精進 / 勇猛精进
勇男蠢婦 / 勇男蠢妇
勇略 (yǒnglüè)
勇者 (yǒngzhě)
勇者不懼 / 勇者不惧
勇而無謀 / 勇而无谋 (yǒng'érwúmóu)
勇退
勇退激流
匹夫之勇 (pǐfūzhīyǒng)
告奮勇 / 告奋勇
團勇 / 团勇
大勇
大勇若怯
奮勇 / 奋勇 (fènyǒng)
奮勇爭先 / 奋勇争先
奮勇當先 / 奋勇当先
好勇鬥狠 / 好勇斗狠 (hàoyǒngdòuhěn)
小怯大勇
忠勇
急流勇退 (jíliúyǒngtuì)
愈戰愈勇 / 愈战愈勇
慈故能勇
才勇兼優 / 才勇兼优
拳勇
散兵游勇 (sǎnbīng yóuyǒng)
敢勇當先 / 敢勇当先
智仁勇
智勇 (zhìyǒng)
智勇兼全 (zhìyǒngjiānquán)
智勇雙全 / 智勇双全 (zhìyǒngshuāngquán)
有勇無謀 / 有勇无谋 (yǒuyǒngwúmóu)
毅勇
沉勇 (chényǒng)
游勇
無拳無勇 / 无拳无勇
矢勤矢勇
神勇 (shényǒng)
義勇 / 义勇 (yìyǒng)
義勇艦隊 / 义勇舰队
義勇警察 / 义勇警察
義勇軍 / 义勇军 (yìyǒngjūn)
自告奮勇 / 自告奋勇 (zìgàofènyǒng)
英勇 (yīngyǒng)
英勇善戰 / 英勇善战
英勇無敵 / 英勇无敌
英勇雄壯 / 英勇雄壮
血氣之勇 / 血气之勇 (xuèqìzhīyǒng)
見義勇為 / 见义勇为 (jiànyì-yǒngwéi)
謀勇兼備 / 谋勇兼备
賈勇 / 贾勇
蹻勇 / 跷勇
逃勇
鄉勇 / 乡勇 (xiāngyǒng)
餘勇可賈 / 余勇可贾 (yúyǒngkěgǔ)
驍勇 / 骁勇 (xiāoyǒng)
鼓勇直行

References

“勇”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#勇 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#勇 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#勇 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	勇
Kyūjitai ^[1]	勇󠄁 勇+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	勇󠄃 勇+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
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