Wikimore

See also: 独

獨	U+7368, 獨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7368

← 獧
[U+7367]

CJK Unified Ideographs Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000029544

獩 →
[U+7369]

Category:Han script characters#%20

Translingual

Japanese	独
Simplified	独
Traditional	獨

Han character

獨Category:Translingual lemmas#犬13獨 Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#犬13獨 Category:Translingual symbols#犬13獨 Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#犬13獨 Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#犬13獨 Category:Pages with entries#獨 Category:Pages with 5 entries#獨 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+13, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 大竹田中戈 (KHWLI), four-corner 4622₇, composition ⿰犭蜀)Category:Han script characters#犬13獨

Derived characters

𤣡, 𮭞, 𧁿, 𪈌

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 719, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20725

Dae Jaweon: page 1130, character 23

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1372, character 3

Unihan data for U+7368

Chinese

trad.		獨
simp.		独

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 獨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
襡	toːʔ, toːɡs, doːʔ, doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣	toːɡs, tuɡs, rtoːɡ, tjoɡ
斣	*toːɡs
歜	sdoːmʔ, tʰjoɡ
斀	*rtoːɡ
孎	rtoːɡ, toɡ
濁	*rdoːɡ
鐲	rdoːɡ, zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀	rdoːɡ, tjoɡ
擉	*sʰroːɡ
獨	*doːɡ
髑	*doːɡ
韣	doːɡ, tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸	*toɡ
钃	*toɡ
欘	*toɡ
躅	*doɡ
蠋	doɡ, tjoɡ
燭	*tjoɡ
囑	*tjoɡ
矚	*tjoɡ
屬	tjoɡ, djoɡ
属	tjoɡ, djoɡ
蠾	tjoɡ, djoɡ
觸	*tʰjoɡ
臅	*tʰjoɡ
觕	sʰlaː, zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀	*djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːɡ)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#犬13: semantic 犭 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#獨.

Etymology

Perhaps related to 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single, alone”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dú (du²Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters#獨)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): du²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dú

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): důq

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дў (dw, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): duk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): uuk⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): tuh⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thu̍k

(Hailu, HRS): tug^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): tug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): dueh⁵
Northern Min (KCR): dŭ
Eastern Min (BUC): dŭk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ta̍k / to̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dag⁸ / dog⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸doq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dú
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dú
  - Wade–Giles: tu²
  - Yale: dú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
  - Palladius: ду (du)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: du²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: du
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: dú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: důq
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): duq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дў (dw, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: duk⁶
  - Yale: duhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: uuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵk̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tuh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuʔ²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: tug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tug^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuk²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: dueh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai, Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dorh⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: do̤̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / to̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ta̍k / to̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dak, dok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /tɔk̚⁴/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /tɔk̚²⁴/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /tɔk̚¹²¹/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /tɔk̚⁴/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /tɔk̚⁴/Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention#2

Note:

ta̍k - vernacular;
to̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dag⁸ / dog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k / to̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tak̚⁴/, /tok̚⁴/

Note:

dag8 - vernacular;
dog8 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁸doq
  - MiniDict: doh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵doq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doʔ¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /doʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /doʔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /doʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /doʔ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /doʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təu̯²⁴/

Middle Chinese: duwk

Rime
Character	獨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒谷切
Baxter	duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/duk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*doːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	獨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ duwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁok/
English	alone; only
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	獨
Reading #	1/1
No.	11818
Phonetic component	蜀
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	獨
Old Chinese	/*doːɡ/

Definitions

獨Category:Chinese lemmas#犬13 Category:Chinese hanzi#犬13 Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#犬13 Category:Pages with entries#獨 Category:Pages with 5 entries#獨

alone; single; solitary
獨自／独自 ― dúzì ― by oneselfCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

獨奏／独奏 ― dúzòu ― soloCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
- 莫見乎隱，莫顯乎微。故君子慎其獨也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  莫见乎隐，莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Mò jiàn hū yǐn, mò xiǎn hū wēi. Gù jūnzǐ shèn qí dú yě. [Pinyin]
  There is nothing more visible than what is secret, and nothing more manifest than what is minute. Therefore the superior man is watchful over himself, when he is alone.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 膾炙所同也，羊棗所獨也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  脍炙所同也，羊枣所独也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Kuàizhì suǒ tóng yě, yángzǎo suǒ dú yě. [Pinyin]
  For mince and broiled meat there is a common [liking], while that for sheep-dates was peculiar.
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- 無卿相輔佐足任使者，謂之獨。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  无卿相辅佐足任使者，谓之独。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Wú qīngxiàng fǔzuǒ zú rènshǐ zhě, wèi zhī dú. [Pinyin]
  If he has no premier, prime minister, counselors, or assistants who can be given responsibilities, then he is called 'alone.'"
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
the old and childless
only
不獨／不独 ― bùdú ― not onlyCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

唯獨／唯独 ― wéidú ― only; all exceptCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
(literary Category:Chinese literary terms#犬13) Indicates a rhetorical question: is it possible that...
Synonyms: 豈 / 岂 (qǐ), 寧 / 宁 (nìng)
- 子獨不見狸狌乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子独不见狸狌乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Zǐ dú bù jiàn lí shēng hū? [Pinyin]
  Have you not seen a wildcat or a weasel?
  Category:Classical Chinese terms with quotations
(in compounds) separatism
謀獨／谋独 ― móudú ― to plot / scheme for independenceCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

港獨／港独 ― Gǎngdú ― Hong Kong Independence MovementCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

臺獨／台独 ― Táidú ― Taiwan Independence MovementCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Compounds

一枝獨秀 / 一枝独秀 (yīzhīdúxiù)
不獨 / 不独 (bùdú)
匠心獨具 / 匠心独具 (jiàngxīndújù)
匠心獨運 / 匠心独运 (jiàngxīndúyùn)
千古獨步 / 千古独步
千載獨步 / 千载独步
司法獨立 / 司法独立
古調獨彈 / 古调独弹
合獨 / 合独
吃獨食 / 吃独食 (chī dúshí)
各自獨立 / 各自独立
向隅獨泣 / 向隅独泣 (xiàngyúdúqì)
唯吾獨尊 / 唯吾独尊
唯我獨尊 / 唯我独尊 (wéiwǒdúzūn)
唯獨 / 唯独 (wéidú)
唱獨角戲 / 唱独角戏 (chàng dújiǎoxì)
單人獨馬 / 单人独马 (dānréndúmǎ)
單打獨鬥 / 单打独斗 (dāndǎdúdòu)
單獨 / 单独 (dāndú)
單獨行為 / 单独行为
塊然獨處 / 块然独处
壟斷獨登 / 垄断独登
大權獨攬 / 大权独揽 (dàquándúlǎn)
失獨 / 失独 (shīdú)
奮身獨步 / 奋身独步
孤獨 / 孤独 (gūdú)
孤獨園 / 孤独园
孤眠獨宿 / 孤眠独宿
孤衾獨枕 / 孤衾独枕
專斷獨行 / 专断独行
小姑獨處 / 小姑独处
巋然獨存 / 岿然独存
幽獨 / 幽独
得天獨厚 / 得天独厚 (détiāndúhòu)
微獨 / 微独
情有獨鍾 / 情有独钟 (qíngyǒudúzhōng)
惸獨 / 惸独
慎獨 / 慎独 (shèndú)
慧眼獨具 / 慧眼独具
打獨磨 / 打独磨
推群獨步 / 推群独步
民賊獨夫 / 民贼独夫
江東獨步 / 江东独步
無獨有偶 / 无独有偶 (wúdú-yǒu'ǒu)
煢獨 / 茕独
特立獨行 / 特立独行 (tèlìdúxíng)
獨一無二 / 独一无二 (dúyīwú'èr)
獨享 / 独享 (dúxiǎng)
獨享權益 / 独享权益
獨來獨往 / 独来独往 (dúláidúwǎng)
獨具一格 / 独具一格 (dújùyīgé)
獨具匠心 / 独具匠心 (dújùjiàngxīn)
獨具慧眼 / 独具慧眼
獨具隻眼 / 独具只眼
獨出心裁 / 独出心裁
獨出機杼 / 独出机杼
獨到 / 独到 (dúdào)
獨到之處 / 独到之处 (dúdàozhīchù)
獨到之見 / 独到之见
獨創 / 独创 (dúchuàng)
獨創一格 / 独创一格
獨力 / 独力 (dúlì)
獨力難持 / 独力难持
獨力難支 / 独力难支
獨勁 / 独劲 (dújìn)
獨占 (dúzhàn)
獨占花魁
獨占資本 / 独占资本
獨占鰲頭 / 独占鳌头 (dúzhàn'áotóu)
獨占鼇頭 / 独占鳌头
獨吃自痾 / 独吃自疴
獨吟 / 独吟
獨吞 / 独吞 (dútūn)
獨唱 / 独唱 (dúchàng)
獨善 / 独善
獨善其身 / 独善其身
獨垂青盼 / 独垂青盼
獨大 / 独大 (dúdà)
獨夫 / 独夫 (dúfū)
獨夫民賊 / 独夫民贼 (dúfūmínzéi)
獨奏 / 独奏 (dúzòu, “solo”)
獨子 / 独子 (dúzǐ)
獨學孤陋 / 独学孤陋
獨學寡聞 / 独学寡闻
獨守尺寸 / 独守尺寸
獨守空房 / 独守空房
獨家 / 独家 (dújiā)
獨家報導 / 独家报导
獨家新聞 / 独家新闻
獨家生意 / 独家生意
獨宿 / 独宿
獨尊 / 独尊 (dúzūn)
獨居 / 独居 (dújū)
獨居監禁 / 独居监禁
獨峙 / 独峙
獨幕劇 / 独幕剧 (dúmùjù)
獨弦哀歌 / 独弦哀歌
獨弦琴 / 独弦琴 (dúxiánqín)
獨往 / 独往
獨往獨來 / 独往独来
獨抒性靈 / 独抒性灵 (dúshūxìnglíng)
獨挑 / 独挑
獨持異議 / 独持异议
獨捐 / 独捐
獨掌 / 独掌
獨排眾議 / 独排众议 (dúpáizhòngyì)
獨擅勝場 / 独擅胜场
獨攬 / 独揽 (dúlǎn)
獨斷 / 独断 (dúduàn)
獨斷專行 / 独断专行 (dúduànzhuānxíng)
獨斷獨行 / 独断独行 (dúduàndúxíng)
獨曲 / 独曲
獨有 / 独有 (dúyǒu)
獨木不林 / 独木不林
獨木橋 / 独木桥 (dúmùqiáo)
獨木舟 / 独木舟 (dúmùzhōu)
獨木船 / 独木船
獨木難支 / 独木难支 (dúmùnánzhī)
獨根孤種 / 独根孤种
獨樂樂 / 独乐乐
獨樂樂不如眾樂樂 / 独乐乐不如众乐乐 (dú yuè lè bùrú zhòng yuè lè)
獨樹一幟 / 独树一帜 (dúshùyīzhì)
獨樹一格 / 独树一格
獨步 / 独步 (dúbù)
獨步一時 / 独步一时
獨步天下 / 独步天下 (dúbùtiānxià)
獨步當時 / 独步当时
獨沽一味 / 独沽一味
獨特 / 独特 (dútè)
獨獨 / 独独
獨生 / 独生 (dúshēng)
獨生女 / 独生女 (dúshēngnǚ)
獨生子 / 独生子 (dúshēngzǐ)
獨當 / 独当 (dúdāng)
獨當一面 / 独当一面 (dúdāngyīmiàn)
獨白 / 独白 (dúbái)
獨眼龍 / 独眼龙 (dúyǎnlóng)
獨秀 / 独秀
獨立 / 独立 (dúlì)
獨立不群 / 独立不群
獨立千古 / 独立千古
獨立國 / 独立国 (dúlìguó)
獨立宣言 / 独立宣言
獨立自主 / 独立自主 (dúlìzìzhǔ)
獨立語 / 独立语
獨腳戲 / 独脚戏 (dújiǎoxì)
獨腳腿 / 独脚腿
獨自 / 独自 (dúzì)
獨自個 / 独自个
獨萿 / 独萿
獨處 / 独处 (dúchǔ)
獨行 / 独行 (dúxíng)
獨行俠 / 独行侠 (dúxíngxiá)
獨行其是 / 独行其是
獨行其道 / 独行其道
獨行大盜 / 独行大盗
獨行獨斷 / 独行独断
獨裁 / 独裁 (dúcái)
獨裁者 / 独裁者 (dúcáizhě)
獨見 / 独见
獨覺 / 独觉
獨角戲 / 独角戏 (dújiǎoxì)
獨角赦書 / 独角赦书
獨語 / 独语
獨資 / 独资 (dúzī)
獨身 / 独身 (dúshēn)
獨身主義 / 独身主义 (dúshēn zhǔyì)
獨軌鐵路 / 独轨铁路
獨輪車 / 独轮车 (dúlúnchē)
獨酌 / 独酌 (dúzhuó)
獨醒 / 独醒
獨鍾 / 独钟
獨門 / 独门
獨門兒 / 独门儿
獨門子貨 / 独门子货
獨門獨院 / 独门独院
獨門絕活 / 独门绝活
獨闢蹊徑 / 独辟蹊径 (dúpìxījìng)
獨院 / 独院 (dúyuàn)
獨霸 / 独霸 (dúbà)
獨霸一方 / 独霸一方
獨領風騷 / 独领风骚 (dúlǐngfēngsāo)
獨體 / 独体
獨龍 / 独龙 (Dúlóng)
獨龍族 / 独龙族 (Dúlóngzú)
獨龍語 / 独龙语 (dúlóngyǔ)
眾人皆醉我獨醒 / 众人皆醉我独醒 (zhòngrén jiē zuì wǒ dú xǐng)
眾醉獨醒 / 众醉独醒
矜寡孤獨 / 矜寡孤独
矜貧恤獨 / 矜贫恤独
絕世獨立 / 绝世独立
統獨 / 统独 (tǒngdú)
聯合獨占 / 联合独占
譙周獨笑 / 谯周独笑
超然獨立 / 超然独立
超然獨處 / 超然独处
踽踽獨行 / 踽踽独行 (jǔjǔdúxíng)
遺世獨立 / 遗世独立
金雞獨立 / 金鸡独立
隻眼獨具 / 只眼独具
非獨 / 非独 (fēidú)
鰥寡孤獨 / 鳏寡孤独 (guānguǎgūdú)
鰲頭獨占 / 鳌头独占
鼇頭獨占 / 鳌头独占

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (獨):

→ Japanese: 独(どく) (doku); 独(とく) (toku)
→ Korean: 독(獨) (dok)
→ Vietnamese: độc (獨Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes#獨)

References

“獨”, in 漢語多功能字庫Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#獨 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#獨 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#獨 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“獨”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#獨 Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#獨 Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#獨 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
“獨”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#獨 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
“獨”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典Category:Chinese terms with redundant script codes#獨 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
“獨”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Shinjitai	独Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#獨
Kyūjitai	獨Category:Japanese terms with redundant script codes#獨

Kanji

獨

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 独)

Category:Japanese kanji#犬13 Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#犬13 Category:Japanese hyōgai kanji#犬13

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Japanese entries#犬13 Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#犬13

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese Category:Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese#독 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#독 獨 (MC duwk).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	똑〮 (Yale: ttwók)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	호을Category:Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks#獨 (Yale: hwòùl)	독〮 (Yale: twók)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [독]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

獨

獨 (eumhun 홀로 독 (hollo dok))Category:Korean lemmas#독 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#독 Category:Korean hanja#독 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#독 Category:Pages with entries#獨 Category:Pages with 5 entries#獨

hanja form^? of 독 (“alone”)Category:Korean hanja forms#獨 [affix]

Compounds

고독 (孤獨, godok)
단독 (單獨, dandok)
독거 (獨居, dokgeo)
독립 (獨立, dongnip)
독백 (獨白, dokbaek)
독신 (獨身, doksin)
독일 (獨逸, dogil)
독재 (獨裁, dokjae)
독점 (獨占, dokjeom)
독창 (獨創, dokchang)
독특 (獨特, dokteuk)
독학 (獨學, dokhak)

Proper noun

Hanja in this term
獨

獨 • (Dok) (hangeul 독)Category:Korean lemmas#독 Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#독 Category:Korean proper nouns#독 Category:Korean proper nouns in Han script#독 Category:Korean terms with redundant script codes#독 Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#독 Category:Pages with entries#獨 Category:Pages with 5 entries#獨

(in news headlines) short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea Category:South Korean#獨) Germany”)Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#獨Category:Korean short forms#獨

Usage notes

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

獨: Hán Nôm readings: độc, dọcCategory:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings#犬13 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries#犬13 Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant sortkeys#犬13