蘭

See also: 兰
蘭 U+862D, 蘭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-862D
← 蘬
[U+862C] 		CJK Unified IdeographsCategory:CJK Unified Ideographs block#*0000034349 蘮 →
[U+862E]
Category:Han script characters#%20
Category:Character boxes with images#*0000063775
蘭 U+F91F, 蘭
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91F
← 爛
[U+F91E] 		CJK Compatibility IdeographsCategory:CJK Compatibility Ideographs block#*0000063775 鸞 →
[U+F920]
Category:Unspecified script characters#%20

Translingual

Han character

蘭Category:Translingual lemmas#艸17蘭Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#艸17蘭Category:Translingual symbols#艸17蘭Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#艸17蘭Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#艸17蘭Category:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+17 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+16 in Japanese, 21 strokes in Chinese in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 21 strokes in Korean, 19 strokes in Japanese, 20 strokes in mainland China, Cangjie input 廿日弓田 (TANW), four-corner 44227, composition ⿱艹闌(GHTK) or ⿱艹䦨(J))Category:Han char with multiple idsCategory:Han script characters#艸17蘭

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1070, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32477
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1536, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3333, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+862D

Chinese

trad. 蘭
simp. 兰*
nonstandard simp. 𬞕
Zheng Sixiao's 1306 Orchid (《蘭圖》), depicting a member of the order Orchidaceae (蘭科 or 蘭花)
Chinese eupatorium (E. fortunei, 佩蘭 or 蘭草), cultivated for its fragrant oil and for use in traditional medicine
Magnolia blossom (木蘭花)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蘭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːn)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#艸17: semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#蘭.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 落干切
Baxter lan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lan/
Li
Rong		 /lɑn/
Wang
Li		 /lɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /lɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 laan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lan ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.rˁan/
English orchid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蘭
Reading # 1/1
No. 6119
Phonetic
component		 柬
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 蘭
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·raːn/
Category:Chinese lemmas#艸17Category:Mandarin lemmas#艸17Category:Cantonese lemmas#艸17Category:Gan lemmas#艸17Category:Hakka lemmas#艸17Category:Jin lemmas#艸17Category:Northern Min lemmas#艸17Category:Eastern Min lemmas#艸17Category:Hokkien lemmas#艸17Category:Teochew lemmas#艸17Category:Puxian Min lemmas#艸17Category:Wu lemmas#艸17Category:Xiang lemmas#艸17Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#艸17Category:Old Chinese lemmas#艸17Category:Chinese hanzi#艸17Category:Mandarin hanzi#艸17Category:Cantonese hanzi#艸17Category:Gan hanzi#艸17Category:Hakka hanzi#艸17Category:Jin hanzi#艸17Category:Northern Min hanzi#艸17Category:Eastern Min hanzi#艸17Category:Hokkien hanzi#艸17Category:Teochew hanzi#艸17Category:Puxian Min hanzi#艸17Category:Wu hanzi#艸17Category:Xiang hanzi#艸17Category:Middle Chinese hanzi#艸17Category:Old Chinese hanzi#艸17Category:Chinese nouns#艸17Category:Mandarin nouns#艸17Category:Cantonese nouns#艸17Category:Gan nouns#艸17Category:Hakka nouns#艸17Category:Jin nouns#艸17Category:Northern Min nouns#艸17Category:Eastern Min nouns#艸17Category:Hokkien nouns#艸17Category:Teochew nouns#艸17Category:Puxian Min nouns#艸17Category:Wu nouns#艸17Category:Xiang nouns#艸17Category:Middle Chinese nouns#艸17Category:Old Chinese nouns#艸17Category:Chinese adjectives#艸17Category:Mandarin adjectives#艸17Category:Cantonese adjectives#艸17Category:Gan adjectives#艸17Category:Hakka adjectives#艸17Category:Jin adjectives#艸17Category:Northern Min adjectives#艸17Category:Eastern Min adjectives#艸17Category:Hokkien adjectives#艸17Category:Teochew adjectives#艸17Category:Puxian Min adjectives#艸17Category:Wu adjectives#艸17Category:Xiang adjectives#艸17Category:Middle Chinese adjectives#艸17Category:Old Chinese adjectives#艸17Category:Chinese proper nouns#艸17Category:Mandarin proper nouns#艸17Category:Cantonese proper nouns#艸17Category:Gan proper nouns#艸17Category:Hakka proper nouns#艸17Category:Jin proper nouns#艸17Category:Northern Min proper nouns#艸17Category:Eastern Min proper nouns#艸17Category:Hokkien proper nouns#艸17Category:Teochew proper nouns#艸17Category:Puxian Min proper nouns#艸17Category:Wu proper nouns#艸17Category:Xiang proper nouns#艸17Category:Middle Chinese proper nouns#艸17Category:Old Chinese proper nouns#艸17Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#艸17Category:Chinese terms spelled with 蘭#艸17

Definitions

蘭Category:Chinese lemmas#艸17Category:Chinese hanzi#艸17Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#艸17Category:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. orchid, especially cymbidium
  2. Eupatorium fortunei
  3. (in compounds) A plant that is fragrant or shares morphological similarities with orchids or Eupatorium fortunei
    馬蘭／马兰  ―  mǎlán  ―  Aster indicusCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    澤蘭／泽兰  ―  zélán  ―  Lycopus lucidusCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    米仔蘭／米仔兰  ―  mǐzǐlán  ―  Aglaia odorataCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    木蘭／木兰  ―  mùlán  ―  Magnolia liliifloraCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    吊蘭／吊兰  ―  diàolán  ―  Chlorophytum comosumCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    蟹爪蘭／蟹爪兰  ―  xièzhǎolán  ―  Schlumbergera truncataCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    馬蘭／马兰  ―  mǎlán  ―  Aster indicusCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  4. alternative form of 藍 / 蓝 (lán)
    芥蘭／芥兰  ―  jièlán  ―  gailanCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    西蘭花／西兰花  ―  xīlánhuā  ―  broccoliCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  5. elegant; graceful
  6. short for 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu, “Lanzhou”)Category:Chinese short forms
  7. a surnameCategory:Chinese surnames#艸17
  8. Used in transcription. Often used for -land in foreign place names.
    愛爾蘭／爱尔兰  ―  Ài'ěrlán  ―  IrelandCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    芬蘭／芬兰  ―  Fēnlán  ―  FinlandCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Compounds

Category:zh:Orchids#艸17

Japanese

Shinjitai 蘭
Kyūjitai
[1]
蘭
&#xF91F;
or
蘭+&#xFE00;?
蘭󠄁
蘭+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
蘭󠄄
蘭+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
蘭󠄃
蘭+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

蘭

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 蘭)

Category:Japanese kanji#艸17Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#艸17Category:Japanese jinmeiyō kanji#艸17
  1. Eupatorium fortunei
  2. orchid
  3. aromatic, fragrant
  4. government office that handles documents
  5. kanji used to transliterate borrowings from foreign languages, especially Buddhist terms from Sanskrit
  6. short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda)Category:Japanese short forms#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らん: Holland, the Netherlands

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
蘭
らん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭 read as らん#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らんCategory:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#らん

From Middle ChineseCategory:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らん 蘭 (MC lan).

Compare modern Mandarin 蘭 / 兰 (lán)Category:Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations#蘭.

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#らんCategory:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#らん

Noun

蘭(らん) or 蘭(ラン) • (ranCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#蘭Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#蘭) Category:Japanese lemmas#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らんCategory:Japanese nouns#らんCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#らんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji#らんCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#らんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭#らんCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#らんCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#らんCategory:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. an orchid
  2. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring designs of orchid flowers and/or leaves
  3. (archaicCategory:Japanese terms with archaic senses#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らん) synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae
Derived terms

Proper noun

蘭(らん) • (RanCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#蘭Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#蘭) Category:Japanese lemmas#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らんCategory:Japanese proper nouns#らんCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#らんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji#らんCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#らんCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭#らんCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#らんCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#らんCategory:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. short for 阿蘭陀, 和蘭, 和蘭陀 (Oranda)Category:Japanese short forms#らん: Holland, the Netherlands, Dutch
  2. a female given nameCategory:Japanese given names#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らんCategory:Japanese female given names#らん
  3. a surnameCategory:Japanese surnames#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らん
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蘭
らに
Jinmeiyō
irregular
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭#らにCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#らにCategory:Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings#らに

/ran/ → /rani/

Shift from ran above.

Compare 縁 (en → eni, “destiny, fate”) and 銭 (zen → zeni, “coin”), with similar shifts.

Noun

蘭(らに) • (raniCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#蘭Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#蘭) Category:Japanese lemmas#らにCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#らにCategory:Japanese nouns#らにCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#らにCategory:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji#らにCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#らにCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭#らにCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#らにCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#らにCategory:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. (archaicCategory:Japanese terms with archaic senses#らん) synonym of 藤袴 (fujibakama): Eupatorium fortunei, a type of flower of the family Asteraceae

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蘭
あららぎ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭 read as あららぎ#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#あららき'Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi#あららき'

From Old JapaneseCategory:Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese#らんCategory:Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese#らん, first attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).[3]

Any further derivation is unclear. Speculative possibilities include:

  • The initial ara- may be cognate with 荒い (arai, “rough; wild”). The final -ragi is unknown, however.
  • Alternatively, the initial arara- may be cognate with 荒らか (araraka, “rough; wild”). The final -gi may be cognate with 木 (ki, “tree”), perhaps in reference to the way the plant's stalk rises straight and tall.

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)#らんCategory:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#らん

Noun

蘭(あららぎ) or 蘭(アララギ) • (araragiCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#蘭Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#蘭) Category:Japanese lemmas#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#あららき'Category:Japanese nouns#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings#あららき'Category:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#あららき'Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭#あららき'Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#あららき'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#あららき'Category:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. synonym of 一位 (ichii): Taxus cuspidata, the Japanese yew
  2. (archaicCategory:Japanese terms with archaic senses#らん) synonym of 野蒜 (nobiru): Allium macrostemonCategory:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)#Allium%20macrostemon, a species of wild onion
Derived terms

Proper noun

蘭(あららぎ) • (AraragiCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#蘭Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#蘭) Category:Japanese lemmas#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#あららき'Category:Japanese proper nouns#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings#あららき'Category:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji#あららき'Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#あららき'Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭#あららき'Category:Japanese single-kanji terms#あららき'Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#あららき'Category:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. a surnameCategory:Japanese surnames#あららぎCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#あららぎ

References

  1. ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1870 (paper), page 987 (digital)
  2. 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#蘭Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#蘭 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938), Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Category:ja:Flowers#らんCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#らんCategory:ja:Orchids#らんCategory:ja:Eupatorieae tribe plants#らん Category:ja:Conifers#あららぎCategory:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#あららぎCategory:ja:Alliums#あららぎ

Korean

Hanja

蘭 (eumhun 란초 란 (rancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 란초 난 (rancho nan))Category:Korean lemmas#란Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#란Category:Korean hanja#란Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#란Category:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. hanja form? of 란 (“orchid”)Category:Korean hanja forms#蘭

蘭 (eumhun 난초 란 (nancho ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난초 난 (nancho nan))Category:Korean lemmas#란Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#란Category:Korean hanja#란Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#란Category:Pages with entries#蘭Category:Pages with 5 entries#蘭

  1. hanja form? of 난 (“orchid (South Korea)”)Category:Korean hanja forms#蘭

Vietnamese

Han character

蘭: Hán Việt readings: lan[1][2][3][4][5][6]Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán#艸17 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
蘭: Nôm readings: lan[1][2][3], lơn[1], lanh[1], chan[1]Category:Vietnamese Nom#艸17 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters

  1. chữ Hán form of lan (“orchid, syllable in Sino-Vietnamese transcriptions of foreign names”)Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán

Compounds

References

Category:CJK Compatibility Ideographs block Category:CJK Unified Ideographs block Category:Cantonese adjectives Category:Cantonese hanzi Category:Cantonese lemmas Category:Cantonese nouns Category:Cantonese proper nouns Category:Character boxes with images Category:Chinese adjectives Category:Chinese hanzi Category:Chinese lemmas Category:Chinese nouns Category:Chinese proper nouns Category:Chinese short forms Category:Chinese surnames Category:Chinese terms spelled with 蘭 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Eastern Min adjectives Category:Eastern Min hanzi Category:Eastern Min lemmas Category:Eastern Min nouns Category:Eastern Min proper nouns Category:Entries using missing taxonomic name (species) Category:Gan adjectives Category:Gan hanzi Category:Gan lemmas Category:Gan nouns Category:Gan proper nouns Category:Hakka adjectives Category:Hakka hanzi Category:Hakka lemmas Category:Hakka nouns Category:Hakka proper nouns Category:Han char with multiple ids Category:Han phono-semantic compounds Category:Han script characters Category:Hokkien adjectives Category:Hokkien hanzi Category:Hokkien lemmas Category:Hokkien nouns Category:Hokkien proper nouns Category:Japanese female given names Category:Japanese given names Category:Japanese jinmeiyō kanji Category:Japanese kanji Category:Japanese kanji with goon reading らん Category:Japanese kanji with historical kun reading ふぢばかま Category:Japanese kanji with kan'on reading らん Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading あららぎ Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading ふじばかま Category:Japanese kanji with nanori reading か Category:Japanese lemmas Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Japanese nouns Category:Japanese proper nouns Category:Japanese short forms Category:Japanese single-kanji terms Category:Japanese surnames Category:Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese Category:Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese Category:Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese Category:Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings Category:Japanese terms read with kun'yomi Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi Category:Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭 Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭 read as あららぎ Category:Japanese terms spelled with 蘭 read as らん Category:Japanese terms with 1 kanji Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō) Category:Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō) Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent Category:Japanese terms with archaic senses Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations Category:Jin adjectives Category:Jin hanzi Category:Jin lemmas Category:Jin nouns Category:Jin proper nouns Category:Korean hanja Category:Korean hanja forms Category:Korean lemmas Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Mandarin adjectives Category:Mandarin hanzi Category:Mandarin lemmas Category:Mandarin links with redundant target parameters Category:Mandarin nouns Category:Mandarin proper nouns Category:Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples Category:Middle Chinese adjectives Category:Middle Chinese hanzi Category:Middle Chinese lemmas Category:Middle Chinese nouns Category:Middle Chinese proper nouns Category:Northern Min adjectives Category:Northern Min hanzi Category:Northern Min lemmas Category:Northern Min nouns Category:Northern Min proper nouns Category:Old Chinese adjectives Category:Old Chinese hanzi Category:Old Chinese lemmas Category:Old Chinese nouns Category:Old Chinese proper nouns Category:Pages with 5 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Puxian Min adjectives Category:Puxian Min hanzi Category:Puxian Min lemmas Category:Puxian Min nouns Category:Puxian Min proper nouns Category:Teochew adjectives Category:Teochew hanzi Category:Teochew lemmas Category:Teochew nouns Category:Teochew proper nouns Category:Translingual lemmas Category:Translingual symbols Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant manual script codes Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes Category:Unspecified script characters Category:Vietnamese Chữ Hán Category:Vietnamese Han characters Category:Vietnamese Nom Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Wu adjectives Category:Wu hanzi Category:Wu lemmas Category:Wu nouns Category:Wu proper nouns Category:Xiang adjectives Category:Xiang hanzi Category:Xiang lemmas Category:Xiang nouns Category:Xiang proper nouns Category:ja:Alliums Category:ja:Conifers Category:ja:Eupatorieae tribe plants Category:ja:Flowers Category:ja:Orchids Category:zh:Orchids