biti

See also: bití, bíti, and bítì

Cebuano

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: bi‧ti

Verb

bitiCategory:Cebuano lemmas#BITICategory:Cebuano verbs#BITICategory:Cebuano entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. to snap; to fracture or break apart suddenly

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

Noun

bitiCategory:Central Bikol lemmas#BITICategory:Central Bikol nouns#BITICategory:Central Bikol entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (anatomyCategory:bcl:Anatomy#BITI, usually of fish) A swim bladder of a fish.
  2. A swim bladder from the fish known as Abo or Tigertooth croaker, endemic in the San Miguel Bay in the Philippines.

Czech

Pronunciation

Participle

bitiCategory:Czech non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Czech participle forms#BITICategory:Czech entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. animate masculine plural passive participle of bít

Huba

Noun

bitiCategory:Huba lemmas#BITICategory:Huba nouns#BITICategory:Huba entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. water

References

  • Ayuba Y. Mshelia, The Story of the Origins of the Bura/Pabir People →ISBN, 2014)
  • Mohammed Aminu Mu'azu, A grammar of the Kilba language (2009) (as ɓìtì)

Icelandic

Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia is

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old NorseCategory:Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse#BITICategory:Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse#BITI biti.

Noun

biti m (genitive singular bita, nominative plural bitar)Category:Icelandic lemmas#BITICategory:Icelandic nouns#BITICategory:Icelandic entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Icelandic masculine nouns#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. piece
    Synonym: stykki
  2. mouthful, a morsel
    Synonym: munnbiti
  3. snack, bite, small meal
    Viltu fá þér bita? ― Wanna have a bite?Category:Icelandic terms with usage examples#BITI
  4. crossbeam
    Synonym: þvertré
  5. (computingCategory:is:Computing#BITI) bit, binary digit
Declension
Declension of biti (masculine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative biti bitinn bitar bitarnir
accusative bita bitann bita bitana
dative bita bitanum bitum bitunum
genitive bita bitans bita bitanna
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

bitiCategory:Icelandic non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Icelandic verb forms#BITICategory:Icelandic entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. first-person singular past subjunctive of bíta
  2. third-person singular past subjunctive of bíta

Ido

Pronunciation

Noun

bitiCategory:Ido non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Ido noun forms#BITICategory:Ido entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. plural of bito

Latvian

Noun

biti mCategory:Latvian non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Latvian noun forms#BITICategory:Latvian entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. nominative/vocative plural of bits

Noun

biti fCategory:Latvian non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Latvian noun forms#BITICategory:Latvian entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. accusative/instrumental singular of bite

Lindu

Noun

bitiCategory:Lindu lemmas#BITICategory:Lindu nouns#BITICategory:Lindu entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. chisel

Lokono

Numeral

bitiCategory:Lokono lemmas#BITICategory:Lokono numerals#BITICategory:Lokono entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (Eastern Lokono) four.
    Synonym: bithi

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Participle

bitiCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Norwegian Nynorsk participle forms#BITICategory:Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (non-standard since 2012) feminine singular of biten
  2. (non-standard since 2012) neuter singular of biten

Verb

bitiCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms#BITICategory:Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (non-standard since 2012) supine of bite

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

biti nCategory:Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms#BITICategory:Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (non-standard since 2012) definite plural of bit

Old Norse

Etymology 1

Category:Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITICategory:Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-#BITI

From Proto-GermanicCategory:Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic#BITICategory:Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic#BITI *bitô, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITI *bʰeyd- (“to split, crack”).

Noun

biti m (genitive bita)Category:Old Norse lemmas#BITICategory:Old Norse nouns#BITICategory:Old Norse entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Old Norse masculine nouns#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. bit, mouthful, morsel
  2. eyetooth
  3. crossbeam
Declension
Declension of biti (weak an-stem)
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative biti bitinn bitar bitarnir
accusative bita bitann bita bitana
dative bita bitanum bitum bitunum
genitive bita bitans bita bitanna
Category:Old Norse masculine an-stem nouns
Descendants
  • Icelandic: biti
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bete
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bete

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bitiCategory:Old Norse non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Old Norse noun forms#BITICategory:Old Norse entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. indefinite dative singular of bit

Verb

bitiCategory:Old Norse non-lemma forms#BITICategory:Old Norse verb forms#BITICategory:Old Norse entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. third-person singular/plural past subjunctive active of bíta

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “biti”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Category:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-#BITI

Inherited from Proto-SlavicCategory:Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic#BITI *byti, from Proto-Balto-SlavicCategory:Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic#BITI *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITI *bʰuH-.

Pronunciation

Verb

bȉti impf or pf (Cyrillic spelling би̏ти)Category:Serbo-Croatian lemmas#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian verbs#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian imperfective verbs#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian perfective verbs#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian biaspectual verbs#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (intransitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian intransitive verbs#BITI) to be, to exist
    Biti ili ne biti? ― To be or not to be?Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  2. (transitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs#BITI, copulativeCategory:Serbo-Croatian copulative verbs#BITI) Used to connect a noun to an adjective or passive past participle that describes it (equivalent to all English senses and functions as a copula; subject having the state, quality, identity, nature, role, etc., specified.)
    Vrijeme je lijepo, a ja sam sretan! ― The weather is nice and I am happy!Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  3. (transitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs#BITI, auxiliaryCategory:Serbo-Croatian auxiliary verbs#BITI, regionalCategory:Regional Serbo-Croatian#BITI) Used as an auxiliary verb in the present to form near future tense; similar to English going to.
    Nisam siguran, budemo vid(j)eli. ― I'm not sure, we'll see.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  4. (transitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs#BITI, auxiliaryCategory:Serbo-Croatian auxiliary verbs#BITI) Used as an auxiliary verb to form compound verb tenses (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect, conditional) together with the active past participle.
    Kad si zadnji put bio tamo? ― When were you there the last time?Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
    Trčao sam. ― I ran. / I have run.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
    Trčao bih. ― I would run.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
    Bio bih trčao maraton da sam tada imao tenisice za trčanje. ― I would have run the marathon if I had had running shoes at the time.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  5. (transitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs#BITI, auxiliaryCategory:Serbo-Croatian auxiliary verbs#BITI) Used to form the passive voice together with the passive past participle of the main verb.
    Ulovio sam loptu. Lopta je bila ulovljena. ― I caught the ball. The ball was caught. / The ball has been caught.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  6. (intransitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian intransitive verbs#BITI, interrogatively) Used to form a question, usually a polar one.
    Jesi li tu? ― Are you there?Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  7. (intransitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian intransitive verbs#BITI, copulativeCategory:Serbo-Croatian copulative verbs#BITI, impersonalCategory:Serbo-Croatian impersonal verbs#BITI) Used to indicate a general condition, such as weather, worth or value.
    Pet jabuka jest dva eura. ― Five apples are two euro.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
    Rekli su da će danas biti sunčano. ― They said that it's going to be sunny today.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  8. (transitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs#BITI, copulativeCategory:Serbo-Croatian copulative verbs#BITI, mathematicsCategory:sh:Mathematics#BITI) to equal, to total, to add up to (indicates the equivalence of values)
    Pet plus pet je deset. ― Five plus five is ten.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
  9. (intransitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian intransitive verbs#BITI, impersonalCategory:Serbo-Croatian impersonal verbs#BITI, in the future tense) Used to express a premonition; there will be, there is going to be, to be coming
    Bit će / Biće rata. ― A war is coming.Category:Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples#BITI
Usage notes
  • 1st-person singular budem is perfective while 1st-person singular jesam is imperfective. jesam, jesi, jest(e), jesmo, jeste and jesu theoretically constitute a verb whose infinitive was lost before Proto-Slavic and all fell under the umbrella of the infinitive biti during Proto-Slavic. biti is thus simultaneously both imperfective and perfective and has therefore both a present (budući) and a past (bivši) verbal adverb.
Conjugation
Conjugation of biti
infinitive biti
present verbal adverb bȕdūći
past verbal adverb bȋvši
verbal noun —
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present jèsam (impf., emphatic)
sam (impf.)
bȕdēm (pf.)		 jèsi (impf., emphatic)
si (impf.)
bȕdēš (pf.)		 jȅste, jȅst (impf., emphatic)
je (impf.)
bȕdē (pf.)		 jèsmo (impf., emphatic)
smo (impf.)
bȕdēmo (pf.)		 jèste (impf., emphatic)
ste (impf.)
bȕdēte (pf.)		 jèsu (impf., emphatic)
su (impf.)
bȕdū (pf.)
future future I bȉt ću1
bȉću		 bȉt ćeš1
bȉćeš		 bȉt će1
bȉće		 bȉt ćemo1
bȉćemo		 bȉt ćete1
bȉćete		 bȉt ćē1
bȉće
future II bȕdēm bȉo2 bȕdēš bȉo2 bȕdē bȉo2 bȕdēmo bíli2 bȕdēte bíli2 bȕdū bíli2
past perfect bȉo sam2 bȉo si2 bȉo je2 bíli smo2 bíli ste2 bíli su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam bȉo2 bȉo si bȉo2 bȉo je bȉo2 bíli smo bíli2 bíli ste bíli2 bíli su bíli2
aorist bȉh bȉ bȉ bȉsmo bȉste bȉše
imperfect bȉjāh / bjȅh / bȅjāh / bȅh bȉjāše / bjȅše / bȅjāše / bȅše bȉjāše / bjȅše / bȅjāše / bȅše bȉjāsmo / bjȅsmo / bȅjāsmo / bȅsmo bȉjāste / bjȅste / bȅjāste / bȅste bȉjāhu / bjȅhu / bȅjāhu / bȅhu
conditional conditional I bȉo bih2 bȉo bi2 bȉo bi2 bíli bismo2 bíli biste2 bíli bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih bȉo2 bȉo bi bȉo2 bȉo bi bȉo2 bíli bismo bíli2 bíli biste bíli2 bíli bi bíli2
imperative — bȕdi — bȕdimo bȕdite —
active past participle bȉo m / bíla f / bílo n bíli m / bíle f / bíla n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “biti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
  • Đuro Daničić, editor (1880–1882), “bȉti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 342

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-SlavicCategory:Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic#BITI *biti, from Proto-Balto-SlavicCategory:Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic#BITI *bī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITI *bʰeyh₂-.

Category:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (strike)#BITI

Pronunciation

Verb

bȉti impf (Cyrillic spelling би̏ти)Category:Serbo-Croatian lemmas#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian verbs#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Serbo-Croatian imperfective verbs#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (transitiveCategory:Serbo-Croatian transitive verbs#BITI) to beat, hit, strike
    Synonyms: tȗći, ùdarati
Conjugation
Conjugation of biti
infinitive biti
present verbal adverb bȉjūći
past verbal adverb bivši
verbal noun bìjēnje
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present bijem biješ bije bijemo bijete biju
future future I bit ću1
biću		 bit ćeš1
bićeš		 bit će1
biće		 bit ćemo1
bićemo		 bit ćete1
bićete		 bit ćē1
biće
future II bȕdēm bio2 bȕdēš bio2 bȕdē bio2 bȕdēmo bili2 bȕdēte bili2 bȕdū bili2
past perfect bio sam2 bio si2 bio je2 bili smo2 bili ste2 bili su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam bio2 bȉo si bio2 bȉo je bio2 bíli smo bili2 bíli ste bili2 bíli su bili2
imperfect bijah bijaše bijaše bijasmo bijaste bijahu
conditional conditional I bio bih2 bio bi2 bio bi2 bili bismo2 bili biste2 bili bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih bio2 bȉo bi bio2 bȉo bi bio2 bíli bismo bili2 bíli biste bili2 bíli bi bili2
imperative — bij — bijmo bijte —
active past participle bio m / bila f / bilo n bili m / bile f / bila n
passive past participle bijen m / bijena f / bijeno n bijeni m / bijene f / bijena n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “biti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
  • Đuro Daničić, editor (1880–1882), “bȉti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 338
Category:Serbo-Croatian irregular verbs#BITI

Slovene

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-SlavicCategory:Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#BITICategory:Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic#BITI *byti, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITI *bʰuH-. First attested in the 10th century.

Pronunciation

Verb

bíti impfCategory:Slovene lemmas#BITICategory:Slovene verbs#BITICategory:Slovene entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Slovene imperfective verbs#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (intransitiveCategory:Slovene intransitive verbs#BITI) to be, to exist
    Trgovina je za kavarno. ― The store is behind the cafeCategory:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  2. (transitiveCategory:Slovene transitive verbs#BITI, copulativeCategory:Slovene copulative verbs#BITI) Used to connect a noun to an adjective, noun or passive past participle that describes it (equivalent to all English senses and functions as a copula; subject having the state, quality, identity, nature, role, etc., specified.)
    On je moj prijatelj. ― He is my friend.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  3. (intransitiveCategory:Slovene intransitive verbs#BITI) there be
    Synonym: obstājati
    Bil je kralj, ki je vladal devetim deželam.
    There was a king which ruled over nine lands.
    Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
    Na sredi parcele je hiša.
    There is a house in the centre of the lot.
    Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  4. (intransitiveCategory:Slovene intransitive verbs#BITI, impersonalCategory:Slovene impersonal verbs#BITI) to be (see usage notes)
    Očitno je bilo, da ni imel pojma o tem, kar govori.
    It was clear that he had no idea about what he was telling.
    Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  5. (elliptically) Taking the form of another part of a sentence:
    1. a binding participle
      Kaj bomo pa zdaj? ― What are we going to do now?Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
    2. a part of a subject
      Ta stol je iz lesa. ― This chair is made out of wood.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
    3. (modal, impersonalCategory:Slovene impersonal verbs#BITI, with infinitive) a modal verb or predicative denoting possibility or obligation; often translated as passive
      Žive duše ni bilo videti ― There was not a single person to be seen. (literally, “(One) could not see a single soul”)Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
    4. (in conditional mood, colloquialCategory:Slovene colloquialisms#BITI) verb imẹ́ti
      Jaz bi plišastega medvedka. ― I would like to have a teddy bear.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  6. (intransitiveCategory:Slovene intransitive verbs#BITI) to cost
    Torbica je bila sto evrov. ― The purse costed a hundered euros.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  7. (intransitiveCategory:Slovene intransitive verbs#BITI, expressiveCategory:Slovene expressive terms#BITI) to feel, to want[→SSKJ]
    Bilo mu je, da bi zavriskal. ― He wanted to shout out with joy.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  8. (intransitiveCategory:Slovene intransitive verbs#BITI, expressiveCategory:Slovene expressive terms#BITI, followed by da bi) to be worth
    • 2015 April 2, “Govor generalnega državnega tožilca na posvetu "Otrok in pasti sodobnega časa"”, in Državno tožilstvo republike Slovenije‎, retrieved 7 February 2023:
      O aktualnosti teme pa ni da bi govoril, saj je pravzaprav večna: ni bilo časa, ki s sabo ne bi prinašal, ob vseh drugih, tudi novih pasti, problemov in vprašanj.
      It is not worth talking about the topicality of this topic because it is actually timeless: there was not a time that would not bring, in addition to all other, also new traps, problems and questions.
      Category:Slovene terms with quotations#BITI
  9. to hold, to be true, apply[→SSKJ]
    Zakon je za vse. ― Laws apply to everyone.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  10. (auxiliaryCategory:Slovene auxiliary verbs#BITI, present forms) Used to form preterite tense.
  11. (auxiliaryCategory:Slovene auxiliary verbs#BITI, present forms followed by l-participle) Used to form pluperfect tense.
  12. (auxiliaryCategory:Slovene auxiliary verbs#BITI, future forms) Used to form future tense.
  13. (auxiliaryCategory:Slovene auxiliary verbs#BITI, conditional form) Used to form present conditional mood.
  14. (auxiliaryCategory:Slovene auxiliary verbs#BITI, conditional form followed by l-participle) Used to form preterite conditional mood.
  15. (auxiliaryCategory:Slovene auxiliary verbs#BITI) Used to form passive voice.
Usage notes

This verb is very hard to translate in English as it can form many specific formations that are not present in English and often require complete restructuring of the sentence. Additionally, it also has many irregularities and additional forms regarding conjugation. Both of these are detailed here.

Impersonal be

Impersonal be can form many specific forms that often have to be translated together with the surrounding words, often changing the whole structure of a sentence:

In the first example, also given in the definitions, there is no problem translating the verb as the impersonality can be represented by impersonal it. In the second example, the form there be can be used to convey the meaning. However, in the last two examples, translation is not that simple.

In the third example, word strah means "fear" (noun), me means "I" (accusative case) and je is the impersonal form of biti. Therefore, if one would literally translate this sentence, it would sound "Fear me is", which would not be understandable. In this case, the correct translation would be to convert "I" into the subject of the sentence, correctly conjugate the verb "be" and find a suitable adjective that would convey the same meaning, in this case "scared".

In the fourth example, žal means "unfortunately", mi means "I" (dative case), and je bilo is the preterite impersonal form biti. In this case, the verb has to be changed to the one that conveys the same meaning, and I has to be again converted into the subject.

These forms are not separate verbs as these forms are quite common and most of them are easily translatable (Bilo je mrzlo. ― It was cold.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI). This kind of untranslatable formations only appears in cases where dative or accusative are present and can in some cases also extend to the personal be, e.g. Same kosti so ga. ― He is skinny. (literally, “The bones are him.”)Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI, which is easier to understand, but still weird to say.

This problem is similar to that in German, e.g. with the word kalt.

Additional usage notes regarding conjugation

The verb has three additional forms that are not common for other verbs: future forms, negative present indicative forms and conditional forms.

The future forms bear no stress when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb and stressed when it is a full-lexical form of the verb. In common speech, however, it is common to also form the future tense as with any other verb, i.e. unstressed forms followed by l-participle (bom bil). This form is not considered to be correct by SP[→SP]. In some dialects, future forms also have its special negative form, naum/noum/nbom.

The conditional form is used only as an auxiliary verb, except in cases with ellipsis (sense 5). Even when one wants to form conditional of biti, l-participle has to be included (bi bil). The verb also has no distinction between present and past conditional; both use only one l-participle. It usually bears no stress, but in negative form, the stress can be transferred from ne (ne bȉ), however the more common form is as usual (nȅ bi).

Present forms are stressed as a full-lexical verb and unstressed as auxiliary verb.

All unstressed forms can also bear stress when they have the stress in the sentence.

Conjugation
Infinitive bíti (ø-ti), irregular accent, suppletive, additional form for conditional Category:Slovene irregular verbs
Long infinitive (usually only written, except in very formal contexts) bíti
Short infinitive (in spoken formal language, colloquial) bȉt, bȋt
Supine bȉt, bȋt
l-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular bȋł bilȁ, bȋla bilọ̑, bilȍ, bȋlo
dual bilȁ, bȋla bilȉ, bȋli bilȉ, bȋli
plural bilȋ, bilȉ, bȋli bilȅ, bilẹ̑, bȋle bilȁ, bȋla
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
masculine feminine neuter
singular – – –
dual – – –
plural – – –
š-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular bȋvši bȋvša bȋvše
dual bȋvša bȋvši bȋvši
plural bȋvši bȋvše bȋvša
conditional forms
singular dual plural
1st person bi, bȉstressed bi, bȉstressed bi, bȉstressed
2nd person bi, bȉstressed bi, bȉstressed bi, bȉstressed
3rd person bi, bȉstressed bi, bȉstressed bi, bȉstressed
imperfect
singular dual plural
1st person ✝bêsəm[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene ✝bêsva[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene ✝bêsmi[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene
2nd person ✝bêsi[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene ✝bêsta[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene ✝bêsme[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene
3rd person ✝bê[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene ✝bêsta[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene ✝bêso[acc?] Category:Requests for tone in Slovene
adverbial š-participle bȋvši
True gerund bītje
Objectified gerund bītje
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

From Proto-SlavicCategory:Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#BITICategory:Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic#BITI *biti, from Proto-Balto-SlavicCategory:Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic#BITICategory:Slovene terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic#BITI *bī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#BITICategory:Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#BITI *bʰeyh₂-.

Pronunciation

Verb

bíti impfCategory:Slovene lemmas#BITICategory:Slovene verbs#BITICategory:Slovene entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Slovene imperfective verbs#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. to beat (to hit, to strike)
    • 2019 February 25, “Žena je po nasvetu psihologa udarila svojega moža. Mož tepe svojo ženo, ali Pazite se sadista v hiši! Možni dejavniki tveganja za pojav agresije”, in Kormeshka‎, retrieved 8 February 2023:
      Če mož redno bije svojo ženo, potem morate najti način, kako ga ustaviti.
      If a man is regularly beating his wife, you have to find a way to stop him.
      Category:Slovene terms with quotations#BITI
  2. to beat (to hit repeatedly, but not necessarily in rhythm)
    • 2023 February 8 (last accessed), “KAKO JESENI POLEPŠATI SVOJ DOM IN SE POČUTITI SREČNEGA”, in Planet design‎:
      Dajmo torej nekaj predlogov, ki bodo hiši dali vitalnost , z majhnimi in velikimi okraski, ki lahko olepšajo in poskrbijo, da se počutimo vedno dejavne, tudi kadar zunaj dež bije po oknih.
      Let's therefore give some suggestions, which will give your house vitality, with small and big decorations, which can embellish and make sure that we feel active, even when the rain is beating on the windows.
      Category:Slovene terms with quotations#BITI
  3. (usually reflexive) to fight
    • 2023, Ivica Flis Smaka, “Dodajmo kakovost življenju”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, retrieved 8 February 2023:
      In mi vsi nenehno bijemo bitko z zahrbtnim in neizprosnim sovražnikom, ki mu je ime staranje.
      And we all are constantly fighting a battle with a treacherous and unrelenting enemy, which is called ageing.
      Category:Slovene terms with quotations#BITI
  4. to strike
    Ura je bila tri četrt. ― The clock was striking quarter to [some full hour].Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  5. (impersonalCategory:Slovene impersonal verbs#BITI) Used to tell time[→SSKJ]
    Osem je bilo. ― It was eight o'clock.Category:Slovene terms with usage examples#BITI
  6. (archaicCategory:Slovene terms with archaic senses#BITI) to play an instrument
    • 1863, Janez Leon, Levretanske pridige‎, Klagenfurt, page 20:
      In slišal sem glas od neba, kakor šum veliko vod, in kakor bobnenje velikega gromenja, in ta glas, katerega sem jaz slišal, je bil kakor citarjev, ki na svoje citre bijejo…
      And I heard the voice from the sky, like the sound of many rivers, and like a grumble of a big thunder, and this voice, which I have heard before, was like that from men which play their zithers.
      Category:Slovene terms with quotations#BITI
  7. (literaryCategory:Slovene literary terms#BITI) to spread[→SSKJ]
  8. (reflexiveCategory:Slovene reflexive verbs#BITI) to contadict[→SSKJ]
  9. (rareCategory:Slovene terms with rare senses#BITI, archaicCategory:Slovene terms with archaic senses#BITI) to drop, to fall
    • 1862, “Posnetek iz novih postav”, in Novice kmetijskin, rokodelnih in narodskih stvari, (20)‎, Ljubljana, page 434:
      Na kogar bíje sum, da je storil hudodelstvo, na ktero je postavljena petletna ali še daljša ječa, tacega je treba bilo po sedaj veljavnem redu kazenske pravde zaprtega preiskovati in izpraševati; po novi postavi pa sme viša sodna gosposka tudi temu dovoliti, da ostane na svobodi ali ne zaprt, ako varščino dá ali pa poroka postavi, kakor je bilo gori zapovedano
      Onto whom falls the suspicion that he had done an evil deed, for which the penalty is five or more years, they had to be under the currently standing crime law inspected and questioned locked up; the new law stipulates that the higher-ranked judge can allow them to stay free and not locked up as well if he puts up the bail or the jury's opinion is what is mentioned above.
      Category:Slovene terms with quotations#BITI
Conjugation
Derived terms

Further reading

  • “biti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Turkish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-TurkicCategory:Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic#BITICategory:Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic#BITI *bitig (“inscription”)

Noun

biti (definite accusative bitiyi, plural bitiler)Category:Turkish lemmas#BITICategory:Turkish nouns#BITICategory:Turkish entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. (dialectalCategory:Turkish dialectal terms#BITI, puristicCategory:Turkish puristic terms#BITI) book
  2. (dialectalCategory:Turkish dialectal terms#BITI) amulet
  3. (dialectalCategory:Turkish dialectal terms#BITI) scribe, clerk
  4. (archaicCategory:Turkish terms with archaic senses#BITI, dialectalCategory:Turkish dialectal terms#BITI) letter, text
  5. (archaicCategory:Turkish terms with archaic senses#BITI, dialectalCategory:Turkish dialectal terms#BITI) notebook
  6. (archaicCategory:Turkish terms with archaic senses#BITI, dialectalCategory:Turkish dialectal terms#BITI) record, credentials
  7. (archaicCategory:Turkish terms with archaic senses#BITI) document

Further reading

  • “biti”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

Welsh

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Preposition

bitiCategory:Welsh lemmas#BITICategory:Welsh prepositions#BITICategory:Welsh entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. alternative form of obeutu (“about”)

Adverb

bitiCategory:Welsh lemmas#BITICategory:Welsh adverbs#BITICategory:Welsh entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. alternative form of obeutu (“about”)

See also

West Makian

Pronunciation

Verb

bitiCategory:West Makian lemmas#BITICategory:West Makian verbs#BITICategory:West Makian entries with incorrect language header#BITICategory:Pages with entries#BITICategory:Pages with 16 entries#BITI

  1. to bail water

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics
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