ti-
Page categories
Chichewa
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-BantuCategory:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *tʊ̀-
Prefix
ti-Category:Chichewa lemmas#TI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#TI-Category:Chichewa subject concords#TI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- 1st person plural subject concord, we.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *tʊ̀-
Prefix
ti-Category:Chichewa lemmas#TI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#TI-Category:Chichewa noun prefixes#TI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Class 13 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning.
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *tʊ́-
Prefix
ti-Category:Chichewa lemmas#TI-Category:Chichewa prefixes#TI-Category:Chichewa subject concords#TI-Category:Chichewa entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Class 13 subject concord.
Classical Nahuatl
Alternative forms
- t- (before vowels)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ti/Category:Classical Nahuatl terms with IPA pronunciation#TI- (before consonants)
- IPA(key): /t/Category:Classical Nahuatl terms with IPA pronunciation#TI- (before vowels)
Prefix
ti-Category:Classical Nahuatl lemmas#TI-Category:Classical Nahuatl prefixes#TI-Category:Classical Nahuatl entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.
Usage notes
- If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.
Related terms
Esperanto
Etymology
Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).
Prefix
ti-Category:Esperanto lemmas#TI-Category:Esperanto prefixes#TI-Category:Esperanto entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)
Usage notes
By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.
Derived terms
Lower Tanana
Etymology
From ti (“among”).
Prefix
ti-Category:Lower Tanana lemmas#TI-Category:Lower Tanana prefixes#TI-Category:Lower Tanana entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
Derived terms
References
- Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 352
Old Saxon
Prefix
ti-Category:Old Saxon lemmas#TI-Category:Old Saxon prefixes#TI-Category:Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- alternative form of te-
Phuthi
Etymology 1
From Proto-BantuCategory:Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
ti-Category:Phuthi lemmas#TI-Category:Phuthi prefixes#TI-Category:Phuthi noun prefixes#TI-Category:Phuthi entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
From Proto-BantuCategory:Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix
ti-Category:Phuthi lemmas#TI-Category:Phuthi prefixes#TI-Category:Phuthi subject concords#TI-Category:Phuthi object concords#TI-Category:Phuthi entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
Etymology 3
From Proto-NguniCategory:Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Nguni#TI-Category:Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Nguni#TI- [Term?]Category:Proto-Nguni term requests#TI-.
Prefix
ti-Category:Phuthi lemmas#TI-Category:Phuthi prefixes#TI-Category:Phuthi noun prefixes#TI-Category:Phuthi entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Class 10 noun prefix.
Pipil
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): /ti/Category:Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation#TI-
Prefix
ti-Category:Pipil lemmas#TI-Category:Pipil prefixes#TI-Category:Pipil entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.
- (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.
See also
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-BantuCategory:Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
ti-Category:Swazi lemmas#TI-Category:Swazi prefixes#TI-Category:Swazi noun prefixes#TI-Category:Swazi entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
From Proto-BantuCategory:Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix
ti-Category:Swazi lemmas#TI-Category:Swazi prefixes#TI-Category:Swazi subject concords#TI-Category:Swazi object concords#TI-Category:Swazi entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
Taos
Pronunciation
Prefix
ti-Category:Taos lemmas#TI-Category:Taos prefixes#TI-Category:Taos entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- (transitiveCategory:Taos transitive verbs#TI-) First person singular subject + third person singular object.
Tooro
Alternative forms
- (before vowels) t-
Etymology
Pronunciation
Prefix
ti-Category:Tooro lemmas#TI-Category:Tooro prefixes#TI-Category:Tooro entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- negative marker
Usage notes
-ta- is used for negative relative, negative infinitive, negative subjunctive and negative remote past constructions. Other negative constructions use ti-.
References
- Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 315
Tumbuka
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-BantuCategory:Tumbuka terms inherited from Proto-Bantu#TI-Category:Tumbuka terms derived from Proto-Bantu#TI- *tʊ̀-
Prefix
ti-Category:Tumbuka lemmas#TI-Category:Tumbuka prefixes#TI-Category:Tumbuka subject concords#TI-Category:Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- 1st person plural subject concord, we.
Uneapa
Etymology
From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-OceanicCategory:Uneapa terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic#TI-Category:Uneapa terms derived from Proto-Oceanic#TI- *tina, from Proto-Malayo-PolynesianCategory:Uneapa terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian#TI-Category:Uneapa terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian#TI- *tina, from Proto-AustronesianCategory:Uneapa terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian#TI-Category:Uneapa terms derived from Proto-Austronesian#TI- *ta-ina, from *ina.
Pronunciation
Noun
ti-Category:Uneapa lemmas#TI-Category:Uneapa nouns#TI-Category:Uneapa entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
Further reading
- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
- Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.
Wailaki
Prefix
ti-Category:Wailaki lemmas#TI-Category:Wailaki prefixes#TI-Category:Wailaki entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- A distributive prefix, indicating that the action of the verb is distributed across multiple objects or locations.
Usage notes
- Realized as tee- in the perfective
References
- Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 187
West Makian
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ti-Category:West Makian lemmas#TI-Category:West Makian pronouns#TI-Category:West Makian entries with incorrect language header#TI-Category:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- first-person singular possessive prefix, my
See also
| independent | possessive prefix | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | de | ti | |
| 2nd person singular | ni | ni | |
| 3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. | |
| 1st person plural | inclusive | ene | nV |
| exclusive | imi | mi | |
| 2nd person plural | ini | fi | |
| 3rd person plural | eme | di | |
V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
References
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
Prefix
ti-Category:Ye'kwana lemmas#TICategory:Ye'kwana prefixes#TICategory:Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header#TICategory:Pages with entries#TI-Category:Pages with 15 entries#TI-
- Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.
Inflection
| pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
| first person | ewü | y-, ∅-Category:Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts#TI-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
| first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
| second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
| first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-Category:Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts#TI-, i-1 | chö- | ∅-Category:Ye'kwana terms in nonstandard scripts#TI- | n-, ni- | |||||
| third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
| distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
| coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
| reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
| ||||||||||
| series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
|---|---|
| first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
| first person dual exclusive > second person | |
| second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
| second person > first person dual exclusive | |
| third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |