不知

Chinese

not; no to know; to be aware
simp. and trad.
(不知)		 不 知

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 不 不 不 知
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1) 幫 (1) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136) 物 (60) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed Open
Division (等) III III III III
Fanqie 甫鳩切 方久切 分勿切 陟移切
Baxter pjuw pjuwX pjut trje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨu/ /pɨuX/ /pɨut̚/ /ʈiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /piu/ /piuX/ /piut̚/ /ʈiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piəu/ /piəuX/ /piuət̚/ /ȶjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puw/ /puwX/ /put̚/ /ʈiə̆/
Li
Rong		 /piu/ /piuX/ /piuət̚/ /ȶie/
Wang
Li		 /pĭəu/ /pĭəuX/ /pĭuət̚/ /ȶǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /pi̯ə̯u/ /pi̯ə̯uX/ /pi̯uət̚/ /ȶie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fōu fǒu fu zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fau1 fau2 fat1 zi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 不 知
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bù zhī
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjuw › ‹ trje ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pə/ /*tre/
English not know

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 不 不 不 知
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
No. 1025 1029 1048 11495
Phonetic
component		 不 不 不 矢
Rime
group		 之 之 物 支
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 不 缶 弗
Old
Chinese		 /*pɯ/ /*pɯʔ/ /*pɯ'/ /*ʔl'e/
Notes 象花柎與本同源 中古才促化 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲
Category:Chinese lemmas#一03矢03Category:Mandarin lemmas#一03矢03Category:Cantonese lemmas#一03矢03Category:Hakka lemmas#一03矢03Category:Hokkien lemmas#一03矢03Category:Middle Chinese lemmas#一03矢03Category:Old Chinese lemmas#一03矢03Category:Chinese verbs#一03矢03Category:Mandarin verbs#一03矢03Category:Cantonese verbs#一03矢03Category:Hakka verbs#一03矢03Category:Hokkien verbs#一03矢03Category:Middle Chinese verbs#一03矢03Category:Old Chinese verbs#一03矢03Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation#一03矢03Category:Chinese terms spelled with 不#一03矢03Category:Chinese terms spelled with 知#一03矢03

Verb

不知Category:Chinese lemmas#一03矢03Category:Chinese verbs#一03矢03Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#一03矢03Category:Pages with entries#不知Category:Pages with 3 entries#不知

  1. to not know; to have no idea of; to be ignorant of
    不知其中奧妙／不知其中奥妙  ―  bùzhī qízhōng àomiào  ―  to be ignorant of the marvels thereinCategory:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    犯錯後還不知悔改 [MSC, trad.]
    犯错后还不知悔改 [MSC, simp.]
    fàncuò hòu hái bùzhī huǐgǎi [Pinyin]
    to not mend one's ways after making a mistake
    Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
    唉，我不知何時再能與他相見。 [MSC, trad.]
    唉，我不知何时再能与他相见。 [MSC, simp.]
    Ài, wǒ bùzhī héshí zài néng yǔ tā xiàngjiàn. [Pinyin]
    Alas, I do not know when I will see him again.
    Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples
  2. to wonder if (as used in a question or request)
    不知您是否有時間。 [MSC, trad.]
    不知您是否有时间。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bùzhī nín shìfǒu yǒu shíjiān. [Pinyin]
    I wonder if you might have time.
    Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples

Synonyms

  • (to not know):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “to not know”):

Derived terms

Category:zh:Thinking#一03矢03

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
不 知
ふ
Grade: 4		 ち
Grade: 2
on'yomi
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 不 read as ふ#ふちCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#ふちCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 知 read as ち#ふちCategory:Japanese terms read with on'yomi#ふち

不(ふ) (fu, “not”) + 知(ち) (chi, “know”)Category:Japanese compound terms#ふちCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#ふち.

Pronunciation

Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)#ふちCategory:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent#ふち

Noun

不(ふ)知(ち) • (fuchiCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#不知Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#不知) Category:Japanese lemmas#ふちCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#ふちCategory:Japanese nouns#ふちCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#ふちCategory:Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji#ふちCategory:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#ふちCategory:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#ふちCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#ふちCategory:Pages with entries#不知Category:Pages with 3 entries#不知

  1. ignorance (not knowing)
  2. ignorance (lacking intelligence)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
不 知
しらず
Grade: 4 Grade: 2
jukujikun
Category:Japanese terms spelled with 不#しらす'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#しらす'Category:Japanese terms spelled with 知#しらす'Category:Japanese terms read with jukujikun#しらす'
For pronunciation and definitions of 不知 – see the following entry.
【知しらず】 Category:Japanese affixes#しらす'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#しらす'Category:Japanese lemmas#しらす'Category:Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji#しらす'Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#しらす'Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#しらす'Category:Japanese verbs#しらす'Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#しらす'Category:Japanese lemmas#しらす'Category:Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji#しらす'Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji#しらす'Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji#しらす'
[affix] follows nouns to form other nouns or 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”), indicating that the result doesn't know the suffixed noun
[verb] negative incomplete, continuative, and terminative of 知る (shiru): not knowing
(This term, 不知, is an alternative spelling (kanbun) of the above term.)
Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#ふちCategory:Pages with entries#不知Category:Pages with 3 entries#不知

References

Old Korean

Alternative forms

  • 安徐 (entirely phonogramic form, Idu script variant)
  • 不喩 (Idu script variant, believed to be a different term by Vovin; also see Usage Notes)
  • 非知, 未知 (different logogram, gugyeol variant depending on Chinese original text)

Etymology

Potentially a compound of *an (ancestral negating root) + *to (semantically light noun meaning "objective fact", whence Middle Korean ᄃᆞ (to)Category:Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations#不知) + *-i (some kind of suffix).

Particle

不知 (*ANti)Category:Old Korean lemmas#不知Category:Old Korean particles#不知Category:Old Korean entries with incorrect language header#不知Category:Pages with entries#不知Category:Pages with 3 entries#不知

  1. Particle negating an adjacent noun or noun phrase.

Usage notes

  • This particle was restricted to negating nouns, including nominalized verbs. Verbs were negated with the adverb 不冬 (*ANtol) instead. In every uncontroversial example in the currently known corpus, adjectives were nominalized and then negated with 不知 (*ANti). Whether this represents a genuine grammatical phenomenon in Old Korean or simply coincidence due to the very limited corpus is not clear.
  • Its Middle Korean reflex 아니〮 (àní)Category:Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations#不知 served as both a noun and an adverb, having displaced 不冬, and the Modern reflex behaves solely as an adverb. The contemporary form 아니다 (anida, “to not be”), showing an incorporation of the copula -이다 (-ida, “to be”) which combines only with nouns, remains as a vestige of the Old Korean function.
  • Vovin argues that the Idu script variant 不喩 should be seen as a related but different form, which he reconstructs as approximately *AN-koy. Both would be derived from the hypothetical negative root *an-. The conventional view in Korean scholarship is to read 不喩 as a graphic variant of 不知 because fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Idu manuals in Hangul, which conserve significant elements of the Old Korean reading of phonograms, gloss the former sequence as 아닌디 (aninti)Category:Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#不知. Furthermore, there appears to be no semantic difference between 不知 and 不喩. On the other hand, it is difficult to explain how 喩 could ever have been taken as a phonogram for *ti.

Descendants

See also

  • 不冬 (*ANtol) (verbal negator)
  • 毛冬 (*mwotol) (marker of inability)
  • 不只 (*ANTOk) (marker of inability)

Further reading

  • 이용 (Yi Yong) (2003), “釋讀口訣에 나타난 不定詞의 機能에 대하여 [On the functions of the negative particles in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 11, pages 249–273
  • 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyeon) (2010), “獻花歌의 解讀 [Readings of the "Heonhwa-ga"]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 24, pages 5–35
  • 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012), 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, page 18
  • Alexander Vovin (2018), “Two Tungusic Etymologies”, in Studia Orientalia Slovaca‎, volume 17, pages 125–134
Category:Cantonese lemmas Category:Cantonese terms with homophones Category:Cantonese verbs Category:Chinese lemmas Category:Chinese terms spelled with 不 Category:Chinese terms spelled with 知 Category:Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Chinese terms with redundant transliterations Category:Chinese verbs Category:Hakka lemmas Category:Hakka verbs Category:Hokkien lemmas Category:Hokkien verbs Category:Japanese affixes Category:Japanese compound terms Category:Japanese lemmas Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks Category:Japanese nouns Category:Japanese terms read with jukujikun Category:Japanese terms read with on'yomi Category:Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji Category:Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji Category:Japanese terms spelled with 不 Category:Japanese terms spelled with 不 read as ふ Category:Japanese terms spelled with 知 Category:Japanese terms spelled with 知 read as ち Category:Japanese terms with 2 kanji Category:Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō) Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent Category:Japanese terms with multiple readings Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Category:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Category:Japanese verbs Category:Korean links with redundant alt parameters Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks Category:Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Category:Mandarin lemmas Category:Mandarin terms with homophones Category:Mandarin terms with usage examples Category:Mandarin verbs Category:Middle Chinese lemmas Category:Middle Chinese verbs Category:Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations Category:Old Chinese lemmas Category:Old Chinese verbs Category:Old Korean lemmas Category:Old Korean particles Category:Old Korean terms with quotations Category:Pages with 3 entries Category:Pages with entries Category:Udihe terms in nonstandard scripts Category:zh:Thinking