儂
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
儂Category:Translingual lemmas#人13儂Category:Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人13儂Category:Translingual symbols#人13儂Category:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#人13儂Category:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#人13儂Category:Pages with entries#儂Category:Pages with 5 entries#儂 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 人廿田女 (OTWV), four-corner 25232, composition ⿰亻農)Category:Han script characters#人13儂
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 118, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1176
- Dae Jaweon: page 251, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 225, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5102
Chinese
Glyph origin
| trad. | 儂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 侬 | |
| alternative forms | 人 Min 𠆧 Eastern Min and Puxian Min 農／农 Wu | |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nuːŋ)Category:Han phono-semantic compounds#人13: semantic 亻 + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ)Category:Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#儂.
Etymology 1
- “Person; I; me > suffix for pronouns” in southeastern varieties
Its senses of “person; human being” and “pronoun suffix” are well-attested in the classical literature, dating back to the Six Dynasties. At the present time, traces of this word are found in various Southern regions such as Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, in Wu, Min, Hui and Gan.
- “Person; human”
- In Coastal Min (Eastern, Southern and Puxian Min), it serves as the vernacular reading of 人 (OC *njin, “person”), by itself or in compounds. It is also used in Jinqu Wu lects (also classified as Wuzhou Wu and Chuqu Wu), usually written as 農.
- “I”
- 儂 was used to mean “I” in medieval poetry from the Wu region, before it was displaced by the more common 我 (MC ngaX, “I”). Also attested was Ancient Wu 阿儂 (MC 'a nowng, “I”), which was abbreviated to 阿 (“I”) in certain localities, such as that of Jinhua.
- “Pronoun suffix”
- This is widely found in Wu and Min languages. The structure ‹ singular pronoun (“I, you, he/she/it”) + 儂 › is common, with 儂 functioning either as a meaningless particle or a pluraliser. The resulting forms were thus used to mean singular or plural pronouns, and were rather prone to elision to become a single syllable. Compare the following plural pronouns in Min:
Original word Meaning Fuding
(Eastern Min)Longyan
(Southern Min)Xiamen
(Southern Min)Xianyou
(Puxian Min)我儂 we ua neiŋ gua laŋ gun (阮) kuoŋ ~ kŋ (滾) 儂儂 we (inclusive) - laŋ laŋ lan (咱) - 汝儂 you (plural) ni neiŋ li laŋ lin (恁) tyøŋ (長) 伊儂 they i neiŋ i laŋ in (𪜶) yøŋ (𪜶) - A similar chain of changes happened in the Wu varieties to arrive at the modern divergent dialectal forms for “you (singular)”.
爾儂 (MC nyeX nowng) Lect Term Northern Fenghua /n̩˧˨˦ noŋ/ 爾儂／尔侬 Yuyao /noŋ˩˩˧/ 儂／侬 Shanghai /noŋ˩˩˧/ 儂／侬 Ningbo /nəu˨˩˧/ 諾／诺 Changshu /nɛ̃˧˩/ 倷 Suzhou /ne̞˧˩/ 倷 Shengze /nə˧˩/ 倷 Jinqu Tangxi /ŋ˨˩˩ noŋ˩˨/ 爾儂／尔侬 Lanxi /ŋ˥˦˦ noŋ˦˧˧/ 爾儂／尔侬 - Some lects, such as Shanghainese, have merged the two syllables into one, leaving 儂／侬 to mean “you (singular)”.
With regard to the etymology of this word, Huang (1980), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same as 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer; peasant”). The use of this word as a pronoun may have originated as a form of personal deprecation and then come to be used as a full-fledged pronoun. Pan and Chen (1995) disagree, proposing that nong was originally a Baiyue substrate word possibly of Kra-DaiCategory:Chinese terms derived from Kra-Dai languages#人13 origin, and possibly an original clan name later developing to mean “person; I”. Compare Zhuang Nungz (surname) and name of the 11th century Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao, as well as the name of the Nùng people in Vietnam.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): nung4
- Eastern Min (BUC): nè̤ng / nùng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nang2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6non
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nóng
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
- Wade–Giles: nung2
- Yale: núng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
- Palladius: нун (nun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nung4
- Yale: nùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: nung4
- Guangdong Romanization: nung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nè̤ng / nùng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /nˡuŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- nè̤ng - vernacular;
- nùng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nang2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: náng
- Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Medan, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng
- Tâi-lô: lâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: laang
- Sinological IPA (Zhangpu): /laŋ²¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Singapore, Philippines): /laŋ²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /laŋ¹³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Penang): /laŋ²³/
- Sinological IPA (Longyan): /laŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Medan, Philippines)
- lâng - vernacular;
- lông - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nang5 / long5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nâng / lông
- Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ⁵⁵/, /loŋ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- nang5 - vernacular;
- long5 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: nowng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/
Definitions
儂Category:Chinese lemmas#人13Category:Chinese hanzi#人13Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人13Category:Pages with entries#儂Category:Pages with 5 entries#儂
- (Coastal Min, dialectal WuCategory:Wu Chinese#人13) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn)Category:Chinese nouns classified by 隻/只#人13Category:Chinese nouns classified by 個/个#人13
- (Coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
- (Coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
- (Coastal Min) others; other people
- (literaryCategory:Chinese literary terms#人13 or WuCategory:Wu Chinese#人13) I; me
- 花紅易衰似郎意，水流無限似儂愁。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 9th century, Liu Yuxi, 竹枝詞Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#儂
- Huā hóng yì shuāi sì láng yì, shuǐliú wúxiàn sì nóng chóu. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation) Category:Requests for translations of Classical Chinese quotations
花红易衰似郎意，水流无限似侬愁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 歡愁儂亦慘，郎笑我便喜。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 子夜歌Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#儂, in 樂府詩集Category:Chinese links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Chinese links with redundant alt parameters#儂
- Huān chóu nóng yì cǎn, láng xiào wǒ biàn xǐ. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation) Category:Requests for translations of Classical Chinese quotations
欢愁侬亦惨，郎笑我便喜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 儂今葬花人笑痴，他年葬儂知是誰？ [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
- Nóng jīn zàng huā rén xiào chī, tānián zàng nóng zhī shì shéi? [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation) Category:Requests for translations of Mandarin quotations
侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁？ [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (archaicCategory:Chinese terms with archaic senses#人13 or WuCategory:Wu Chinese#人13) you (singular)
- 儂叫啥名字啊？ [Shanghainese, trad.]
- 6non 5ciau 5sa 6min-zy 0a [Wugniu]
- What is your name?
侬叫啥名字啊？ [Shanghainese, simp.]- 哪能儂現在上海閒話講了介好？ [Shanghainese, trad.]
- 6na-nen 6non 6yi-ze 6zaon-he 6ghe-gho 5kaon 8leq 5ka 5hau [Wugniu]
- How come you speak Shanghainese so well?
哪能侬现在上海闲话讲了介好？ [Shanghainese, simp.]
- (dialectal WuCategory:Wu Chinese#人13) he, him; she, her; it
- (MinCategory:Min Chinese#人13, WuCategory:Wu Chinese#人13) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle.
- 王老小兒吹笛看，我儂試舞爾儂看。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 9th century, Sikong Tu, 《力疾山下吳村看杏花》
- Wánglǎo xiǎo'ér chuī dí kàn, wǒnóng shì wǔ ěrnóng kàn. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation) Category:Requests for translations of Classical Chinese quotations
王老小儿吹笛看，我侬试舞尔侬看。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- a surname, NongCategory:Chinese surnames#人13
Usage notes
- (I):
- Archaic in Wu.
- In Coastal Min (Eastern Min nè̤ng; Hokkien lāng, lǎng, lâng; Hainanese nang2), it is often used affectionately like Mandarin 人家 (rénjia).
Synonyms
Descendants
Compounds
Etymology 2
| trad. | 儂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 侬 | |
Probably a Kra-DaiCategory:Chinese terms derived from Kra-Dai languages#人13 substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”) (whence Zhuang nuengx (“younger sibling”)), Southern Kam nongx (“younger sibling”), Thai น้อง (nɔ́ɔng), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lao ນ້ອງ (nǭng), Lü ᦓᦸᧂᧉ (noang²), Tai Dam ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ, Shan ၼွင်ႉ (nâ̰ung), Ahom 𑜃𑜨𑜂𑜫 (noṅ), Bouyei nuangx, Tày noọng.
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): nong3
Definitions
儂Category:Chinese lemmas#人13Category:Chinese hanzi#人13Category:Chinese entries with incorrect language header#人13Category:Pages with entries#儂Category:Pages with 5 entries#儂
- (dialectal CantoneseCategory:Cantonese Chinese#人13) child
- (dialectal CantoneseCategory:Cantonese Chinese#人13) son
- (Leizhou MinCategory:Leizhou Min Chinese#人13) infant
- (HainaneseCategory:Hainanese Chinese#人13, politeCategory:Chinese polite terms#人13, humbleCategory:Chinese humble terms#人13) Used as a first-person singular pronoun, especially used by someone in the younger generation.
- 2017, 麦英, “侬是文昌人”, performed by 麦英:
- (HainaneseCategory:Hainanese Chinese#人13, endearingCategory:Chinese endearing terms#人13) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation.
Synonyms
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: の (no)Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations#儂、のう (nō)Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations#儂
- Kan-on: どう (dō)Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations#儂
- Kan’yō-on: のん (non)Category:Japanese terms with redundant transliterations#儂
- Kun: わし (washi, 儂)Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#儂、われ (ware, 儂)Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#儂、かれ (kare, 儂)Category:Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations#儂Category:Japanese kanji with goon reading の#人13Category:Japanese kanji with goon reading のう#人13Category:Japanese kanji with kan'on reading どう#人13Category:Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading のん#人13Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading わし#人13Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading われ#人13Category:Japanese kanji with kun reading かれ#人13
Usage notes
This character is seldom used in modern Japanese.
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 儂 |
| わし Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 私 (more common) |
Contraction of 私 (watashi, “I, me”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) わし [wàshí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [β̞a̠ɕi]Category:Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation#わし
Pronoun
儂 • (washiCategory:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#儂) Category:Japanese lemmas#わしCategory:Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys#わしCategory:Japanese pronouns#わしCategory:Japanese terms with multiple readings#わしCategory:Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji#わしCategory:Japanese terms with 1 kanji#わしCategory:Japanese terms spelled with 儂#わしCategory:Japanese single-kanji terms#わしCategory:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#わしCategory:Pages with entries#儂Category:Pages with 5 entries#儂
Usage notes
The term is a regular pronoun in Western Japan, used primarily by men in most regions. Depending on the region, it may be used mainly by the elderly, which is especially true for women using it, and becoming more true as usage of local variants declines in younger generations. Its use is often considered stereotypical of old people in Japanese media and is frequently used in TV shows and comics to emphasize the age of characters. However, it may also simply be used to emphasize the character as hailing from Kansai.
More commonly spelled 私, or in kana to make the reading explicit.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 儂 |
| かれ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Very rare alternative spelling. See the more common spelling 彼 for more details about the term.
Category:Japanese entries with incorrect language header#わしCategory:Pages with entries#儂Category:Pages with 5 entries#儂References
- ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林Category:Japanese links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Japanese links with redundant alt parameters#儂 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “▲儂”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
Hanja
儂 (eum 농 (nong)Category:Korean links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Korean links with redundant alt parameters#儂)Category:Korean lemmas#농Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#농Category:Korean hanja#농Category:Korean entries with incorrect language header#농Category:Pages with entries#儂Category:Pages with 5 entries#儂
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Korean entries#人13Category:Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys#人13
Vietnamese
Han character
儂: Hán Nôm readings: nôngCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#儂, nùngCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#儂, noọngCategory:Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks#儂Category:Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters#儂Category:Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings#人13 Category:Vietnamese lemmas Category:Vietnamese Han characters
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.Category:Requests for definitions in Vietnamese entries#人13Category:Vietnamese terms with redundant sortkeys#人13