co

Languages (32)
Translingual • English
Czech • Dalmatian • Dumbea • Esperanto • Fijian • Gagauz • Galician • Gallo • Ido • Irish • Kashubian • Khumi Chin • Ladin • Lower Sorbian • Macanese • Middle Irish • Norman • Northern Kurdish • Old Irish • Old Polish • Polish • Portuguese • Romansh • Silesian • Spanish • Venetan • Vietnamese • West Makian • Wutunhua • Yola
Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of EnglishCategory:Translingual terms derived from English#CO CorsicanCategory:Translingual clippings#CO, from LatinCategory:Translingual terms derived from Latin#CO Corsica.

Symbol

coCategory:Translingual lemmas#COCategory:Translingual symbols#COCategory:Translingual terms with redundant script codes#COCategory:Translingual entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1Category:ISO 639-1 language code for Corsican.

See also

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

co (plural cos)Category:English lemmas#COCategory:English nouns#COCategory:English countable nouns#COCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. (colloquialCategory:English colloquialisms#CO) Clipping of companyCategory:English clippings#CO.
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Coined by feminist writer Mary Orovan in 1970Category:English terms coined by Mary Orovan#COCategory:English coinages#CO; in common usage in intentional communities of the Federation of Egalitarian Communities.[1][2]

Pronoun

co (third-person singular, gender-neutral, reflexive coself)Category:English lemmas#COCategory:English pronouns#COCategory:English entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. (nonstandardCategory:English nonstandard terms#CO) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
    • 1983, Ingrid Komar, Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community:
      Co consistently does less than cos share of the Community work. 4. Co absents coself from the Community for more than three weeks [...]
      Category:English terms with quotations#CO
    • 1996, Beemyn, Brett; Elianon, Mickey, Queer studies: A Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Anthology‎, page 74:
      At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describe coself in a heterosexual context than co uses in a sexual minority context and different terms in a Euro-American cultural context than in other racial and ethnic contexts.
      Category:English terms with quotations#CO
    • 2004 April 1, Pieira dos Lobos, “Fern's Story two”, in alt.magick.serious (Usenet):
      A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killed coself by leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters. Co was a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.
      Category:English terms with quotations#CO
  2. (nonstandardCategory:English nonstandard terms#CO) Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.
Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ Dennis Baron (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “The Epicene Pronouns”, in Illinois University‎
  2. ↑ Jim Kingdon (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “Gender-free Pronouns in English”, in Panix‎

See also

Anagrams

Category:English third person pronouns#CO Category:en:Gender#CO

Czech

Etymology

Category:Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic#COCategory:Czech terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic#COCategory:Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Czech terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#CO

Inherited from Old CzechCategory:Czech terms inherited from Old Czech#COCategory:Czech terms derived from Old Czech#CO čso

Pronunciation

Pronoun

co nCategory:Czech lemmas#COCategory:Czech pronouns#COCategory:Czech entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. what
    Co se děje? ― What's up?Category:Czech terms with usage examples#CO
    Co se stalo? ― What happened?Category:Czech terms with usage examples#CO

Declension

Declension of co (sg-only inanimate pronoun)
singular
nominative co
genitive čeho
dative čemu
accusative co
vocative —
locative čem
instrumental čím

Conjunction

coCategory:Czech lemmas#COCategory:Czech conjunctions#COCategory:Czech entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. that
    Od té doby, co jsme spolu… ― Since we’ve been together… (literally, “Since the time that we’ve been together…”)Category:Czech terms with usage examples#CO
  2. what
    Ví, co chce. ― He knows what he wants.Category:Czech terms with usage examples#CO

Particle

coCategory:Czech lemmas#COCategory:Czech particles#COCategory:Czech entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. (indeclinable) isn't it so, don't you think?
    To je pěkné, co? ― That’s nice, isn’t it?Category:Czech terms with usage examples#CO

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Dalmatian

Etymology

From LatinCategory:Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin#COCategory:Dalmatian terms derived from Latin#CO quod.

Pronoun

coCategory:Dalmatian lemmas#COCategory:Dalmatian pronouns#COCategory:Dalmatian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. what

Dumbea

Pronunciation

Noun

coCategory:Dumbea lemmas#COCategory:Dumbea nouns#COCategory:Dumbea entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. water

References

Category:duf:Water#CO

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Noun

co (accusative singular co-on, plural co-oj, accusative plural co-ojn)Category:Esperanto lemmas#COCategory:Esperanto nouns#COCategory:Esperanto entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. The name of the Latin script letter C/c.Category:eo:Latin letter names#CO

See also

Further reading

Fijian

Noun

coCategory:Fijian lemmas#COCategory:Fijian nouns#COCategory:Fijian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. grass

Gagauz

Conjunction

coCategory:Gagauz lemmas#COCategory:Gagauz conjunctions#COCategory:Gagauz entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. obsolete spelling of koCategory:Gagauz obsolete forms#CO

Further reading

  • Ciachir, Mihail (1938), “co”, in Dicționar gagauzo (tiurco)–român pentru gagauzii din Basarabia (in Romanian), Chișinău, page 34

Galician

Etymology

From contraction of preposition con (“with”) + masculine definite article o (“the”).

Pronunciation

Contraction

co m (feminine coa, masculine plural cos, feminine plural coas)Category:Galician non-lemma forms#COCategory:Galician contractions#COCategory:Galician entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. with the

References

Gallo

Etymology

From Old FrenchCategory:Gallo terms inherited from Old French#COCategory:Gallo terms derived from Old French#CO coc.

Noun

co mCategory:Gallo lemmas#COCategory:Gallo nouns#COCategory:Gallo entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Gallo masculine nouns#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. rooster, cockerel, cock
Category:roa-gal:Birds#CO

Ido

Pronunciation

Pronoun

co (plural ci)Category:Ido lemmas#COCategory:Ido pronouns#COCategory:Ido entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. alternative form of ico (“this”)

Irish

Pronunciation

Adverb

coCategory:Irish alternative forms#COCategory:Irish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

  1. UlsterCategory:Ulster Irish#CO form of chomh

References

  1. ↑ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 329, page 114

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷís
Proto-Indo-European *kʷídder.
Proto-Slavic *česo
Kashubian co

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *česo.

    Category:Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kʷís#COCategory:Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-#COCategory:Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Pages with etymology trees#COCategory:Kashubian entries with etymology trees#COCategory:Kashubian entries with etymology texts#CO

    Pronunciation

    Pronoun

    coCategory:Kashubian lemmas#COCategory:Kashubian pronouns#COCategory:Kashubian interrogative pronouns#COCategory:Kashubian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. interrogative pronoun; what?
    2. relative pronoun; that what..., which, that

    Declension

    Declension of co
    singular
    nominative co
    genitive czegò
    dative czemù
    accusative co
    instrumental czim
    locative czim

    Further reading

    • Stefan Ramułt (1893), “co”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 18
    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “co”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
    • “co”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Khumi Chin

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    coCategory:Khumi Chin lemmas#COCategory:Khumi Chin nouns#COCategory:Khumi Chin entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. Northern Khumi form of caw

    References

    • D. A. Peterson (2013), “Aesthetic aspects of Khumi grammar”, in The Aesthetics of Grammar, Cambridge University Press, page 220

    Ladin

    Conjunction

    coCategory:Ladin lemmas#COCategory:Ladin conjunctions#COCategory:Ladin entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. than (used in comparisons)

    Adverb

    coCategory:Ladin lemmas#COCategory:Ladin adverbs#COCategory:Ladin entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. how (in what manner)
    2. how (in what state)

    Derived terms

    Lower Sorbian

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    Etymology 1

    From Proto-SlavicCategory:Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic#CO *česo, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#CO *kʷid, *kʷís.

    Pronoun

    coCategory:Lower Sorbian lemmas#COCategory:Lower Sorbian pronouns#COCategory:Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. what (interrogative)
    Declension

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    coCategory:Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms#COCategory:Lower Sorbian verb forms#COCategory:Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. third-person singular present of kśěś

    Further reading

    • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “co”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
    • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “co”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

    Macanese

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    From PortugueseCategory:Macanese terms derived from Portuguese#CO com. Sense of "and" may be a semantic loan from CantoneseCategory:Macanese semantic loans from Cantonese#COCategory:Macanese terms derived from Cantonese#CO 同 (tung4).

    Pronunciation

    Preposition

    coCategory:Macanese lemmas#COCategory:Macanese prepositions#COCategory:Macanese entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. with
      nhonha co fula ― the girl with the flowerCategory:Macanese terms with usage examples#CO
    2. to, at
      Já gritâ co iou ― He shouted at meCategory:Macanese terms with usage examples#CO

    Conjunction

    coCategory:Macanese lemmas#COCategory:Macanese conjunctions#COCategory:Macanese entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. and
      iou co vôs ― me and youCategory:Macanese terms with collocations#CO

    Usage notes

    • co is not very commonly used to connect two clauses. More often, related clauses are simply listed one after the other with no connectives, or connected with pronouns such as qui or quelóra.
    • The Portuguese compound forms comigo, contigo etc. are not used in Macanese. As seen in the examples, "with me" is given as co iou.

    Middle Irish

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    From Old IrishCategory:Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish#COCategory:Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish#CO co, from Proto-CelticCategory:Middle Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic#COCategory:Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic#CO *kʷos.

    Preposition

    co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)Category:Middle Irish lemmas#COCategory:Middle Irish prepositions#COCategory:Middle Irish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. to, toward

    Inflection

    Forms combined with an object pronoun

    Forms combined with the definite article:

    Forms combined with the relative particle:

    Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

    • 1st person singular: com
    • 2nd person singular: cot
    • 3rd person: co a, ca

    Descendants

    Further reading

    Norman

    Etymology 1

    From Old FrenchCategory:Norman terms inherited from Old French#COCategory:Norman terms derived from Old French#CO colp, coup, from Vulgar LatinCategory:Norman terms inherited from Vulgar Latin#COCategory:Norman terms derived from Vulgar Latin#CO *colpus, from Classical LatinCategory:Norman terms inherited from Latin#COCategory:Norman terms derived from Latin#CO colaphus (“blow with the fist; cuff”), from Ancient GreekCategory:Norman terms derived from Ancient Greek#CO κόλαφος (kólaphos, “blow, slap”).

    Noun

    co m (plural cos)Category:Norman lemmas#COCategory:Norman nouns#COCategory:Norman entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Norman masculine nouns#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. (JerseyCategory:Jersey Norman#CO) blow
    Alternative forms
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2

    From Old FrenchCategory:Norman terms inherited from Old French#COCategory:Norman terms derived from Old French#CO coq, coc.

    Noun

    co m (plural cos)Category:Norman lemmas#COCategory:Norman nouns#COCategory:Norman entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Norman masculine nouns#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. (JerseyCategory:Jersey Norman#CO) cockerel
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3

    From Old FrenchCategory:Norman terms inherited from Old French#COCategory:Norman terms derived from Old French#CO col, from LatinCategory:Norman terms inherited from Latin#COCategory:Norman terms derived from Latin#CO collum (“neck”).

    Noun

    co m (plural cos)Category:Norman lemmas#COCategory:Norman nouns#COCategory:Norman entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Norman masculine nouns#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. (JerseyCategory:Jersey Norman#CO, GuernseyCategory:Guernsey Norman#CO, Normandy, anatomyCategory:nrf:Anatomy#CO) neck
    Alternative forms

    Northern Kurdish

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    Compare Persian جوی (juy) or Persian جو (ju).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    co mCategory:Northern Kurdish lemmas#COCategory:Northern Kurdish nouns#COCategory:Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Northern Kurdish masculine nouns#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

    1. ditch, trench, channel, canal, duct, fosse, aqueduct, sluice

    Derived terms

    Old Irish

    Pronunciation

    Etymology 1

      From Proto-CelticCategory:Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic#COCategory:Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic#CO *kom, from Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#CO *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).[1] Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”).

      Preposition

      co (takes the dative, triggers nasalization)Category:Old Irish lemmas#COCategory:Old Irish prepositions#COCategory:Old Irish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO (abbreviated ɔ)

      1. with

      For quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

      Inflection

      Usually the inflected forms of la are used instead.

      Inflection of co
      Person: normal emphatic
      singular first
      second
      third
      m or n      		 dative cono
      accusative
      third
      f      		 dative
      accusative
      plural first
      second
      third dative
      accusative

      Forms combined with the definite article:

      Combinations with possessive determiners:

      • com (1st person singular)
      • cut, cot (2nd person singular)
      • cona (3rd person singular)
      Synonyms
      Descendants
      • Middle Irish: co

      Further reading

      Etymology 2

        From Proto-Indo-EuropeanCategory:Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#CO *kʷóbʰi or *kʷódʰi.[2]

        Adverb

        coCategory:Old Irish lemmas#COCategory:Old Irish adverbs#COCategory:Old Irish interrogative adverbs#COCategory:Old Irish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

        1. how?
          Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?
          How will my expedition be?
          Category:Old Irish terms with usage examples#CO
        Usage notes

        The adverb is followed by the dependent form of the verb, which is neither nasalized nor lenited.

        Derived terms

        Further reading

        Etymology 3

          From Proto-CelticCategory:Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic#COCategory:Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic#CO *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction).[3][4][5] See Proto-Indo-European *kú (“where”).

          The inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum +‎ *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).

          Preposition

          co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)Category:Old Irish lemmas#COCategory:Old Irish prepositions#COCategory:Old Irish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

          1. to, toward
          2. up to, until
          3. used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb: -ly[6]

          For quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

          Inflection
          Inflection of co
          Person: normal emphatic
          singular first cuc(c)um cuc(c)umsa
          second cuc(c)ut cuc(c)utsu
          third
          m or n          		 dative
          accusative cuc(c)i, cuc(c)ai cuc(c)isom, cuc(c)isom
          third
          f          		 dative
          accusative cuic(c)e, cuc(c)e
          plural first cuc(c)unn
          second cuc(c)uib cuc(c)uibsi
          third dative
          accusative cuc(c)u

          Forms combined with the definite article:

          Forms combined with the relative particle:

          Derived terms
          Descendants

          Conjunction

          co (triggers nasalization, followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb, may be followed by an infixed pronoun)Category:Old Irish lemmas#COCategory:Old Irish conjunctions#COCategory:Old Irish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO (abbreviated ɔ)

          1. until
          3. so that

          For quotations using this term, see Citations:co.

          Usage notes

          A leniting co that takes absolute and deuterotonic forms is also attested in the glosses only.

          Alternative forms
          Synonyms
          Derived terms
          • coní (“so that…not”) (corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction)
          • conna (“so that…not”) (corresponding to the leniting conjunction)
          Descendants
          • Irish: go
          • Scottish Gaelic: gu
          • Manx: dy

          Further reading

          References

          1. ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kom”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 213
          2. ↑ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 463
          3. ↑ Kim McCone (1993), “Varia II. Old Irish co, cucci ‘as far as (him, it)’ and Latin usque ‘as far as’”, in Ériu‎, volume 44, retrieved 31 May 2024, pages 171-76
          4. ↑ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “?kúth₂-s”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 439
          5. ↑ Untermann, Jürgen (2000), “O.u.puz”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, pages 627-28
          6. ↑ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 381, page 239; reprinted 2017
          Category:Old Irish dative prepositions#COCategory:Old Irish accusative prepositions#CO

          Old Polish

          Pronunciation

          Pronoun

          co nCategory:Old Polish lemmas#COCategory:Old Polish pronouns#COCategory:Old Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

          1. alternative form of czso

          Conjunction

          coCategory:Old Polish lemmas#COCategory:Old Polish conjunctions#COCategory:Old Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

          1. alternative form of czso

          Particle

          coCategory:Old Polish lemmas#COCategory:Old Polish particles#COCategory:Old Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

          1. alternative form of czso

          Polish

          Etymology

          Etymology tree
          Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
          Proto-Indo-European *kʷís
          Proto-Indo-European *kʷídder.
          Proto-Slavic *česo
          Old Polish czso
          Polish co
            Category:Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-#COCategory:Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kʷís#COCategory:Polish terms inherited from Old Polish#COCategory:Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Polish terms derived from Old Polish#COCategory:Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Pages with etymology trees#COCategory:Polish entries with etymology trees#CO

            Inherited from Old PolishCategory:Polish terms inherited from Old Polish#COCategory:Polish terms derived from Old Polish#CO czso.

            Pronunciation

            Pronoun

            co nCategory:Polish lemmas#COCategory:Polish pronouns#COCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

            1. interrogative pronoun; what
            2. pronoun for introducing a subordinate clause that narrows the scope of the main clause; which, that; what; who
              Znam takiego gościa, co ma konia.
              I know a guy that has a horse.
              Category:Polish terms with usage examples#CO
            3. pronoun that attaches a relative clause to the main clause; which, that; what; who
              Ta kobieta, co mieszkała w tym mieszkaniu, wyjechała do Niemiec.
              That woman, who lived in that apartment, moved to Germany.
              Category:Polish terms with usage examples#CO
            4. (colloquialCategory:Polish colloquialisms#CO) relative pronoun
              Jakość będzie równa temu, co zapłacisz.
              The quality will be equal to whatever you pay.
              Category:Polish terms with usage examples#CO
            5. (colloquialCategory:Polish colloquialisms#CO) why
              Co ona taka smutna?
              Why is she so sad?
              Category:Polish terms with usage examples#CO

            Declension

            Derived terms

            pronouns
            pronouns

            Trivia

            According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co (pronoun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

            Preposition

            coCategory:Polish lemmas#COCategory:Polish prepositions#COCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

            1. every (referring to frequency)
              co drugi dzień ― every other dayCategory:Polish terms with collocations#CO
              co miesiąc ― every monthCategory:Polish terms with collocations#CO
              co rok ― every year, annuallyCategory:Polish terms with collocations#CO

            Derived terms

            prefix

            Trivia

            According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co (preposition) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 10 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 16 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 77 times, making it the 836th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

            Conjunction

            coCategory:Polish lemmas#COCategory:Polish conjunctions#COCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

            1. as
              Ma ten sam rower co ja. ― He has the same bike as me.Category:Polish terms with usage examples#CO
            2. (KuyaviaCategory:Kuyavian Polish#CO) synonym of że

            Trivia

            According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co (conjunction) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 14 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 73 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 134 times, making it the 450th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[3]

            Particle

            coCategory:Polish lemmas#COCategory:Polish particles#COCategory:Polish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

            1. used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said
              Interesujące, co? ― Interesting, isn't it?Category:Polish terms with usage examples#CO

            Trivia

            According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), co is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

            References

            1. ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co (pronoun)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56
            2. ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co (preposition)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56
            3. ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co (conjunction)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56
            4. ↑ Ida Kurcz (1990), “co”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 56

            Further reading

            • co in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
            • co in Polish dictionaries at PWN
            • Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “co”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
            • “CO I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 21.05.2019
            • “CO II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.05.2010
            • “CO III”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 11.04.2018
            • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “co”, in Słownik języka polskiego
            • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “co”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
            • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “co”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 345
            • Józef Bliziński (1860), “co”, in Abecadłowy spis wyrazów języka ludowego w Kujawach i Galicyi Zachodniej (in Polish), Warszawa, page 621
            • Oskar Kolberg (1867), “co”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 269
            Category:Polish degree adverbs#CO

            Portuguese

            Alternative forms

            • c'o, co'o (pre-standardization spelling)

            Etymology

            From ecthlipsis of com, followed by crasis.

            Pronunciation

            • Hyphenation: co

            Contraction

            co (feminine coa or (colloquial) ca, masculine plural cos, feminine plural coas or (colloquial) cas)Category:Portuguese non-lemma forms#COCategory:Portuguese contractions#COCategory:Portuguese entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

            1. (colloquialCategory:Portuguese colloquialisms#CO or poeticCategory:Portuguese poetic terms#CO) contraction of com (“with”) +‎ o m sg (definite article)Category:Portuguese contractions#CO

            Usage notes

            Although superseded in the first spelling reforms of Portuguese, the spellings c'o, c'os, co'a, co'as are often still used in poetic works in order to make the contraction transparent.

            Romansh

            Alternative forms

            Etymology

            From LatinCategory:Romansh terms inherited from Latin#COCategory:Romansh terms derived from Latin#CO quam or quod.

            Conjunction

            coCategory:Romansh lemmas#COCategory:Romansh conjunctions#COCategory:Romansh entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

            1. (ValladerCategory:Vallader Romansh#CO) than

            Silesian

            Etymology

            Etymology tree
            Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
            Proto-Indo-European *kʷís
            Proto-Indo-European *kʷídder.
            Proto-Slavic *česo
            Old Polish czso
            Silesian co
              Category:Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-#COCategory:Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish#COCategory:Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kʷís#COCategory:Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Silesian terms derived from Old Polish#COCategory:Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic#COCategory:Pages with etymology trees#COCategory:Silesian entries with etymology trees#CO

              Inherited from Old PolishCategory:Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish#COCategory:Silesian terms derived from Old Polish#CO czso.

              Pronunciation

              Pronoun

              co nCategory:Silesian lemmas#COCategory:Silesian pronouns#COCategory:Silesian interrogative pronouns#COCategory:Silesian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. (interrogative) what
                Coś kupiōł? ― What did you buy?Category:Silesian terms with usage examples#CO
              2. (relative) that
                Te zoki, coch ci je bez zimã kupiyła. ― Those socks that I bought you in winter.Category:Silesian terms with usage examples#CO
              3. (interrogative) why, what for
                Co ty mi sie sam po chałupie smykŏsz? ― What are you having a stroll around my house for?Category:Silesian terms with usage examples#CO

              Declension

              Declension of co
              singular
              nominative co
              genitive czego
              dative czymu
              accusative co
              instrumental czym
              locative czym

              Conjunction

              coCategory:Silesian lemmas#COCategory:Silesian conjunctions#COCategory:Silesian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. (proscribedCategory:Silesian proscribed terms#CO) coordinating conjunction; that
                Synonym: (prescribed) że

              Preposition

              coCategory:Silesian lemmas#COCategory:Silesian prepositions#COCategory:Silesian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. every (referring to frequency)

              Further reading

              • co in silling.org

              Spanish

              Pronunciation

              Noun

              co m (plural cos)Category:Spanish lemmas#COCategory:Spanish nouns#COCategory:Spanish countable nouns#COCategory:Spanish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Spanish masculine nouns#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. (AragonCategory:Aragonese Spanish#CO, colloquialCategory:Spanish colloquialisms#CO) dude, friend

              Pronoun

              coCategory:Spanish lemmas#COCategory:Spanish pronouns#COCategory:Spanish entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. misspelling of cóCategory:Spanish misspellings#CO

              Venetan

              Alternative forms

              Etymology

              From LatinCategory:Venetan terms inherited from Latin#COCategory:Venetan terms derived from Latin#CO cum. Compare Italian con.

              Preposition

              coCategory:Venetan lemmas#COCategory:Venetan prepositions#COCategory:Venetan entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. with, together

              See also

              Vietnamese

              Pronunciation

              Verb

              coCategory:Vietnamese lemmas#COCategory:Vietnamese verbs#COCategory:Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. to shrink (to become smaller)
                Antonym: phồng

              See also

              West Makian

              Pronunciation

              Verb

              coCategory:West Makian lemmas#COCategory:West Makian verbs#COCategory:West Makian entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. (transitiveCategory:West Makian transitive verbs#CO) to see

              Conjugation

              Conjugation of co (action verb)
              singular plural
              inclusive exclusive
              1st person toco moco aco
              2nd person noco foco
              3rd person inanimate ico doco
              animate
              imperative noco, co foco, co

              Alternative forms

              References

              • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

              Wutunhua

              Etymology

              From TibetanCategory:Wutunhua terms borrowed from Tibetan#COCategory:Wutunhua terms derived from Tibetan#CO མཚོ (mtsho).

              Pronunciation

              Noun

              coCategory:Wutunhua lemmas#COCategory:Wutunhua nouns#COCategory:Wutunhua entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. lake

              References

              • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008), Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
              Category:wuh:Landforms#COCategory:wuh:Water#CO

              Yola

              Alternative forms

              Etymology

              Category:Yola terms derived from Proto-Indo-European#COCategory:Yola terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷet- (say)#CO

              From Middle EnglishCategory:Yola terms inherited from Middle English#COCategory:Yola terms derived from Middle English#CO quethen, from Old EnglishCategory:Yola terms inherited from Old English#COCategory:Yola terms derived from Old English#CO cweþan, from Proto-West GermanicCategory:Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic#COCategory:Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic#CO *kweþan.

              Pronunciation

              Verb

              coCategory:Yola lemmas#COCategory:Yola verbs#COCategory:Yola entries with incorrect language header#COCategory:Pages with entries#COCategory:Pages with 32 entries#CO

              1. quoth, saith
                • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, pages 31[1]:
                  Co thou; Co he.
                  Quoth thou; Says he.
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO
                • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, pages 84[1]:
                  Fᴀᴅᴇ teil thee zo lournagh, co Joane, zo knaggee?
                  Wʜᴀᴛ ails you so melancholy, quoth John, so cross?
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO
                • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, pages 90[1]:
                  Ha-ho! be mee coshes, th'ast ee-pait it, co Joane;
                  Hey-ho! by my conscience, you have paid it, quoth John;
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO
                • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 12[2]:
                  "Swingale," co the umost, "thou liest well a rent,
                  "Swindle," said the other, "you know quite well,
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO
                • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 14[2]:
                  Thou liest valse co secun that thou an ye thick
                  You lie false, said the second, that you and your kid,
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO
                • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, lines 5[2]:
                  "Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk" co Billeen,
                  "What the divil is on you, you fool?" quoth Billy;
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO
                • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, lines 9[2]:
                  Co Sooney, "Billeen dowstthee zee faads lewer,
                  Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"
                  Category:Yola terms with quotations#CO

              References

              1. 1 2 3 Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867
              2. 1 2 3 4 Kathleen A. Browne (1927), “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎, volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
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